The atomic force microscope as a tool to study and manipulate local surface properties

Jaschke, Manfred; Butt, Hans‐Jürgen; Manne, S.; Gaub, Hermann E.; Hasemann, Olaf; Krimphove, Frank; Wolff, Elmar K.

doi:10.1016/0956-5663(96)83295-7

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…This provided PDA cellulose architecture (II) with the glucose recognition structure (and covalently fixed on functionalized glass) as a socalled nanostructure. [45,46] The enzyme molecule positioning is a necessary but not sufficient requirement because enzyme activity and enzyme-kinetic parameters (see below) of the enzyme reaction are greatly influenced by the microenvironment in the nanostructure. Important factors of influence are, in particular, the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance, the pH value and electrostatic interactions.…”

Section: Build-up and Characterization Of A Glucose-sensitive Nanostrmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel soluble aminocellulose derivative type: its transparent film-forming properties and its efficient coupling with enzyme proteins for biosensors

Berlin¹,

Klemm

Tiller

et al. 2000

Macromol. Chem. Phys.

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By means of the reaction of 6‐tosylcellulose derivatives with diamino compounds, it has been possible to provide a new soluble and film‐forming aminocellulose‐derivative type with a diamine residue at C‐6 of the anhydroglucose unit (AGU) and with so‐called solubilizing groups, such as acetate, benzoate, carbanilate, methoxy and/or tosylate groups at C‐2/C‐3. For example, aminocellulose derivatives were synthesized with aliphatic diamine residues of different alkyl chain lengths ((CH2)m with m = 2, 4, 6, 8, 12) at C‐6. Other new aminocellulose derivatives were those with an aromatic diamine residue, e.g., 1,4‐phenylenediamine or benzidine residue and others, at C‐6. Depending on the structure of the diamine residue at C‐6 and of the substituents at C‐2/C‐3, the aminocellulose derivatives were soluble in various solvents, mostly in N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMA) or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Aminocelluloses with a diaminoethane or diaminobutane residue at C‐6 and methoxy groups at C‐2/C‐3 were soluble in water. All the amino celluloses synthesized formed transparent films from their solutions. These aminocelluloses apparently form superstructures or so‐called supramolecular architectures according to a structure‐inherent organization principle, which became visible, for example, in the case of PDA cellulose tosylates (in DMA) as gel‐like aggregates after approx. 1 week of storage at 4°C. The superstructures or aggregates could be imaged on the aminocellulose film surface by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the form of characteristic topographic structures, e. g. as “hole” structures. In this way, structural and environment‐induced factors influencing the aggregate formation were found. The transparent aminocellulose films were excellently suited for covalent coupling with oxidoreductase enzymes such as glucose oxidase (GOD), lactate oxidase (LOD), peroxidase (POD) via bifunctional compounds. A number of new bifunctional enzyme coupling reactions, e. g. via L‐ascorbic acid or benzenedisulfonic dichlorides forming amide or sulfonamide coupling structures led to functionally stable nanostructure building blocks with recognition patterns in the case of GOD and POD coupling to PDA cellulose tosylate films. The PDA cellulose derivatives proved to be promising cellulose structural units because the redox‐chromogenic PDA residue at C‐6 provides the derivatives with a wide range of reaction possibilities, e.g. diazo coupling reactions, NH2‐reactive coupling reactions and oxidative coupling reactions to redox dyes.

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Section: Build-up and Characterization Of A Glucose-sensitive Nanostrmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel soluble aminocellulose derivative type: its transparent film-forming properties and its efficient coupling with enzyme proteins for biosensors

Berlin¹,

Klemm

Tiller

et al. 2000

Macromol. Chem. Phys.

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“…Molecular deposition from an AFM tip was first demonstrated by Jaschke and Butt (1996); however, the Mirkin group at Northwestern University has been the principal developer of this technique and has coined the technique's name, DPN (Piner et al ., 1999). In Figure 7 DPN is shown and is a highly successful lithography whose strengths are simplicity and versatility.…”

Section: The Polymer Source Is Loaded Onto a Spm Probementioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning Probe Lithography of Polymers: Tailoring Morphology and Functionality at the Nanometer Scale

Lee¹,

Sheehan²

2008

Scanning

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This article reviews the patterning of the polymer via scanning probe lithography (SPL). Several different lithographies are characterized by the source of the patterned material, whether a mechanical, electrical, or thermal field is used, and whether the lithography modifies morphology, functionality, or both. The merits of the different strategies are discussed with respect to the fabrication goals.

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“…Very differently, the latter directly delivers materials to a surface from the tip in a way similar to writing letters with a quill pen. During the mid‐1990s, researchers observed that tip “contaminations” in the form of molecules capable of building self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) could deposit SAMs on clean parts of the substrate when the contaminated tip was scanned over these areas . This was then developed into a charming nanofabrication tool in Mirkin's group in 1999, coining the term dip‐pen nanolithography (DPN) ( Figure ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Dip‐Pen Nanolithography (DPN) and Its Derivatives

Liu

Hirtz

Fuchs

et al. 2019

Small

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Dip‐pen nanolithography (DPN) is a unique nanofabrication tool that can directly write a variety of molecular patterns on a surface with high resolution and excellent registration. Over the past 20 years, DPN has experienced a tremendous evolution in terms of applicable inks, a remarkable improvement in fabrication throughput, and the development of various derivative technologies. Among these developments, polymer pen lithography (PPL) is the most prominent one that provides a large‐scale, high‐throughput, low‐cost tool for nanofabrication, which significantly extends DPN and beyond. These developments not only expand the scope of the wide field of scanning probe lithography, but also enable DPN and PPL as general approaches for the fabrication or study of nanostructures and nanomaterials. In this review, a focused summary and historical perspective of the technological development of DPN and its derivatives, with a focus on PPL, in one timeline, are provided and future opportunities for technological exploration in this field are proposed.

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The atomic force microscope as a tool to study and manipulate local surface properties

Cited by 22 publications

References 79 publications

A novel soluble aminocellulose derivative type: its transparent film-forming properties and its efficient coupling with enzyme proteins for biosensors

A novel soluble aminocellulose derivative type: its transparent film-forming properties and its efficient coupling with enzyme proteins for biosensors

Scanning Probe Lithography of Polymers: Tailoring Morphology and Functionality at the Nanometer Scale

Development of Dip‐Pen Nanolithography (DPN) and Its Derivatives

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