The Assumptions Used for Exposure Assessments

Jensen, Janice King

doi:10.1016/s0166-1116(08)71043-4

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The potential dermal exposure (PDE) and potential inhalation exposure (PIE) values were obtained by extrapolating the corresponding exposure rate (μg/h) to 4 h per day. The external dermal exposure (EDE) was calculated based on assumptions of 10% cloth penetration for dermal exposure . For internal dermal exposure (IDE), 10% of penetration of EDE through the skin was assumed .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Assessment of the Exposure of Insecticide Operators to Fenvalerate during Treatment in Apple Orchards

Moon

Park

Kim

et al. 2013

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Dermal and inhalation exposure of the applicator to the insecticide fenavalerate in an apple orchard was measured for risk assessment during treatment. Emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and wettable powder (WP) formulations were sprayed using a speed sprayer (SS) or power sprayer (PS). Dermal patches, gloves, socks, and masks were used to monitor potential dermal exposure to fenavalerate, while personal air samplers with XAD-2 resins were used to monitor potential inhalation exposure. Validation of analytical methods was performed for the instruments' limit of detection, limit of quantitation, reproducibility, linearity of calibration curve, and recovery of fenvelerate from various exposure matrices. The results were encouraging and reasonable for an exposure study. Applicability of XAD-2 resin was evaluated with a trapping efficiency and breakthrough test. During mixing/loading, the amount of dermal exposure ranged from 262.8 μg (EC/SS) to 1652.6 μg (WP/PS) of fenvalerate, corresponding to ~0.0011-0.0066% of the total prepared quantity. In the case of WP, the amount of dermal exposure was 2032.3 μg (0.0081% of the total applied amount) for SS and 1087.9 μg (0.0145%) for PS after application. In the case of EC, the amount of dermal exposure was 3804.6 μg (0.0152%) for SS and 4055.0 μg (0.0541%) for PS after application. The primary body parts subject to exposure were thigh and upper arm for SS, and thigh and hand for PS. The amount of inhalation exposure with WP was 2.2 μg (8.65 × 10⁻⁶% of the total applied amount) for SS and 1.3 g (1.67 × 10⁻⁵%) for PS. The amount of inhalation exposure with EC was 2.5 μg (9.81 × 10⁻⁶%) for SS and 3.7 μg (4.97 × 10⁻⁵%) for PS. The absorbable quantity of exposure and margin of safety (MOS) were calculated for risk assessment. The MOS for all 4 cases was much greater than 1, indicating a low possibility of risk.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The external dermal exposure (EDE) was calculated based on assumptions of 10% cloth penetration for dermal exposure. 16 For internal dermal exposure (IDE), 10% of penetration of EDE through the skin was assumed. 17 For PIE, 100% absorption was assumed.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of the Exposure of Insecticide Operators to Fenvalerate during Treatment in Apple Orchards

Moon

Park

Kim

et al. 2013

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…(19) The AQE (absorbable quantity of exposure) value was calculated by summing the PDE and PIE, but PDE should be multiplied by a 10% penetration rate through clothes and a 10% skin absorption rate. (20,21) MOS was calculated by adapting the formula proposed by Severn (1984): MOS = (NOEL × BW) / (AQE × SF), where NOEL (no observable effect level) of flonicamid is 7.3 mg/kg/day (in rats), BW (body weight) is 70 kg (for a man) and SF (safe factor) is 100. (22,23) …”

Section: Calculation Of Pde Pie Aqe and Mosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Dermal Exposure to Flonicamid and Risk Assessment of Applicators During Treatment in Apple Orchards

Zhao

Zhu

et al. 2015

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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Exposure and risk assessments of flonicamid for applicators were performed in apple orchards in Korea. Fifteen experiments were done with two experienced applicators under typical field conditions using a speed sprayer. In this study, cotton gloves, socks, masks, and dermal patches were used to monitor potential dermal exposure to flonicamid, and personal air samplers with XAD-2 resin and glass fiber filter were used to monitor potential inhalation exposure. The analytical methods were validated for the limit of detection, limit of quantitation, reproducibility, linearity of the calibration curve, and recovery of flonicamid from various exposure matrices. The results were encouraging and acceptable for an exposure study. The applicability of XAD-2 resin was evaluated via a trapping efficiency and breakthrough test. During the mixing/loading, the average total dermal exposure was 22.6 μg of flonicamid, corresponding to 4.5×10(-5)% of the prepared amount. For the spraying, the potential dermal exposure was 9.32 mg, and the ratio to applied amount was 1.9 × 10(-2%). The primary exposed body parts were the thigh (2.90 mg), upper arm (1.75 mg), and lower leg (1.66 mg). By comparison, absorbable quantity of exposure was small, only 1.62 μg (3.2×10(-6)%). The margin of safety (MOS) were calculated for risk assessment, in all sets of trials, MOS > 1, indicating the exposure level of flonicamid was considered to be safe in apple orchards. Although this was a limited study, it provided a good estimate of flonicamid exposure for orchard applicators.

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Safety of Working Conditions of Glyphosate Applicators on Eucalyptus Forests Using Knapsack and Tractor Powered Sprayers

Machado-Neto¹,

Bassini

Aguiar

2000

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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The Assumptions Used for Exposure Assessments

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Risk Assessment of the Exposure of Insecticide Operators to Fenvalerate during Treatment in Apple Orchards

Risk Assessment of the Exposure of Insecticide Operators to Fenvalerate during Treatment in Apple Orchards

Potential Dermal Exposure to Flonicamid and Risk Assessment of Applicators During Treatment in Apple Orchards

Safety of Working Conditions of Glyphosate Applicators on Eucalyptus Forests Using Knapsack and Tractor Powered Sprayers

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