The association between the prevalence of dental fluorosis and the socio-economic status and area of residence of 12-year-old students in Uruguay

Angulo, Marina; Cuitiño, Eduardo; Molina-Frechero, Nelly; Emilson, Claes‐Göran

doi:10.1080/00016357.2019.1642514

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…However, with the economic factor in this population treated as a constant, the bivariate analysis showed a correlation with minimum-wage family income ($247 USD), although the severity was explained by other variables (p = 0.09) in the adjusted analysis. Other studies report correlations between socioeconomic status and DF, observing a relationship between higher income and being able to afford to buy toothpaste and other topical fluorides 16,28,29,32 . Among the statistically significant factors in the present study (p <0.05), the amount of toothpaste (pea-sized volume) used was associated with severity, though the use of more than a pea-sized volume did not present an association, but since its OR=12.52 was high, it was probably not significant because very few children used it (n=13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dental fluorosis severity in children 8-12 years old and associated factors

Saldarriaga¹,

Rojas‐Gualdrón²,

Restrepo³

et al. 2021

Acta Odontol Latinoam

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The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and severity of dental fluorosis (DF) and the association between severity and risk factors. In a cross-sectional study, 8- to 12-year-old children, born in a Colombian district, were evaluated according to the Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index (TFI) by two calibrated examiners. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) and dental caries (DC) were also evaluated. Ordinal logistic regression was applied p<0.05). Risk factors and lifestyle factors were collected using a questionnaire answered by parents. DF was detected in 76 (98.7%) of the children (average of 18.4 ±1.81 permanent teeth affected). Grade TF2 was the most frequently observed (34.8%); TF5 was observed in all age groups; TF6- TF7 were observed in 12-year-olds. No association was found between DF severity and DC (Odds Ratio (OR)=1.35; 95%CI: 0.56-3.26) or MIH (OR=1.39; 95%CI: 0.43-4.46). DF severity was significantly associated with use of an indoor wood stove for food preparation (OR = 9.34; 95%CI: 1.11-78.57) and use of a pea-sized volume of toothpaste (OR = 27.42; 95%CI: 1.57-477.36). Prevalence of DC was 38.1% and prevalence of MIH was 14.4%. In this population, the frequency of DF was high and severity was associated with use of an indoor wood stove for food preparation and toothpaste amount used during childhood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dental fluorosis severity in children 8-12 years old and associated factors

Saldarriaga¹,

Rojas‐Gualdrón²,

Restrepo³

et al. 2021

Acta Odontol Latinoam

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“…[ 17 ] Molina-Frechero et al [ 2 ] reported that low-income residents had higher fluorosis prevalence because they had very little purchasing power, and all family members used the same brand of toothpaste, which resulted in children's exposure to high fluoride levels from the moment they started brushing their teeth. On the contrary, Angulo et al [ 12 ] found that schoolchildren with lower socioeconomic status were not susceptible to DF due to they had less opportunity to the fluoridated merchandise sold on the market. Unfortunately, this study did not investigate the impact of socioeconomic status on dental fluorosis in Jilin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, many scholars believe that guardians’ economic status is also related to dental fluorosis incidence in children. [ 2 , 12 , 17 ] In the next place, there is a deviation in the proportion of rural and urban pupils, which might cause the conclusion not to be available for the whole population of 12-year-old children in Jilin Province. Consequently, we should rigorously restrict the exclusion standards and inclusion standards of the research objects and collect the information uniformly and accurately.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The occurrence, severity degree, and associated risk factors of dental fluorosis among the 12-year-old schoolchildren in Jilin, China

Liu

Bao²,

Chen³

et al. 2021

Medicine

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This study aims to describe the occurrence, severity degree, and correlated risk factors of dental fluorosis among the 12-year-old schoolchildren of Jilin, China. We conducted a cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive study among 960 12-year-old schoolchildren in Jilin. The Dean index was utilized to evaluate the severity degree of dental fluorosis. A questionnaire was sent to the guardians of children. Community fluorosis index was measured to estimate the importance of enamel fluorosis for the whole population's public health. The logistic regression analysis was also utilized to identify the correlation between fluorotic teeth and the independent variables. Nine hundred sixty children were assessed. Among them, 480 (50%) were female. 30.5% of subjects had dental fluorosis, 7.19% had very mild dental fluorosis, 10.73% experienced mild dental fluorosis, 9.58% suffered moderate dental fluorosis, and 3.02% encountered severe dental fluorosis. The overall community fluorosis index was 0.73. The results of logistic regression showed that schoolchildren who brushed teeth more frequently (OR: 2.012, 95% CI 1.767–2.342), deficiency of parental supervision (OR: 4.219, 95% CI 3.887–4.573), and lived in rural areas (OR: 2.776, 95% CI 2.163–3.489) were more correlated with enamel fluorosis. Moreover, schoolchildren whose mothers or fathers were of high education level (OR: 0.336, 95% CI 0.217–0.413 and 0.346, 95% CI 0.113–0.512) and only child (OR: 0.378, 95% CI 0.213–0.415) were protective factors for dental fluorosis. In the Jilin province of China, the risk indicators for dental fluorosis include rural areas, more frequency of brushing, low educational background of parents, and deficiency of parental supervision.

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“…Since the use of water fluoridation became a public health strategy, and was provided in an ideal concentration, its only adverse effect has been the occurrence of mild dental fluorosis [9,10]. However, most studies have assessed the prevalence and severity of fluorosis in schoolaged children [11,12]. Therefore, these results should not be used for the population of young adults, as this may lead to under or overestimation of these values [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoridated water impact on tooth decay and fluorosis in 17–20‐year‐olds exposed to fluoride toothpaste

Marques

Lima

Costa

et al. 2021

J Public Health Dent

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Objective To determine the impact of water fluoridation on the prevalence and severity of dental caries and fluorosis in individuals aged 17–20 years exposed to fluoride toothpaste. Methods The study population consisted of 660 students from public schools, residents of areas supplied with fluoridated water (exposed group) or not (not exposed group). Students from both groups had access to fluoride toothpaste throughout life. A questionnaire about socioeconomic demographic aspects, conditions related to access and exposure to fluoridated water, and habits related to oral health was applied. Dental caries was measured by the DMFT index and dental fluorosis by the TF index. The chi‐square test, t test, and subsequently logistic regression were applied for data analysis. Results Caries experience (DMFT≠0) was significantly higher in students from areas not exposed to fluoridated water, after adjustments to clinical conditions, demographic socioeconomic profile, and hygiene habits. The DMFT mean (±SD) was significantly higher in students from areas not exposed to fluoridated water than exposed (3.83 [±3.28] and 2.48 [±2.71] respectively). The prevalence of very mild/mild and moderate fluorosis was 41.1% and 21% for students either exposed to fluoridated water or not, respectively. Conclusion Exposure to fluoridated water was associated with a lower prevalence and severity of tooth decay, in spite of the use of fluoridated toothpaste. The prevalence of dental fluorosis at all levels was higher in fluoridated areas, however, in both groups, there were few cases with esthetic implications.

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The association between the prevalence of dental fluorosis and the socio-economic status and area of residence of 12-year-old students in Uruguay

Abstract: Emilson (2020) The association between the prevalence of dental fluorosis and the socioeconomic status and area of residence of 12-year-old students in Uruguay,

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Dental fluorosis severity in children 8-12 years old and associated factors

Dental fluorosis severity in children 8-12 years old and associated factors

The occurrence, severity degree, and associated risk factors of dental fluorosis among the 12-year-old schoolchildren in Jilin, China

Fluoridated water impact on tooth decay and fluorosis in 17–20‐year‐olds exposed to fluoride toothpaste

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