Dental fluorosis severity in children 8-12 years old and associated factors

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and severity of dental fluorosis (DF) and the association between severity and risk factors. In a cross-sectional study, 8- to 12-year-old children, born in a Colombian district, were evaluated according to the Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index (TFI) by two calibrated examiners. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) and dental caries (DC) were also evaluated. Ordinal logistic regression was applied p<0.05). Risk factors and lifestyle factors were collected using a questionnaire answered by parents. DF was detected in 76 (98.7%) of the children (average of 18.4 ±1.81 permanent teeth affected). Grade TF2 was the most frequently observed (34.8%); TF5 was observed in all age groups; TF6- TF7 were observed in 12-year-olds. No association was found between DF severity and DC (Odds Ratio (OR)=1.35; 95%CI: 0.56-3.26) or MIH (OR=1.39; 95%CI: 0.43-4.46). DF severity was significantly associated with use of an indoor wood stove for food preparation (OR = 9.34; 95%CI: 1.11-78.57) and use of a pea-sized volume of toothpaste (OR = 27.42; 95%CI: 1.57-477.36). Prevalence of DC was 38.1% and prevalence of MIH was 14.4%. In this population, the frequency of DF was high and severity was associated with use of an indoor wood stove for food preparation and toothpaste amount used during childhood.

Advances in epidemiological status and pathogenesis of dental fluorosis

“…The effect of gender on the incidence of DF has not been investigated yet. An epidemiological survey of 929 adolescents in Northern Colombia revealed that the prevalence of DF did not differ significantly between the two genders and that it had no significant effect on the incidence (Saldarriaga et al, 2021b), which is consistent with the results of another survey of 1,044 adolescents in India (Verma et al, 2017). However, notably, economically underdeveloped areas and the unequal status of different genders can cause differences in the diet and living habits of people, which may contribute to the differences in its prevalence.…”

Prevalence of Dental and Skeletal Fluorosis Among School Children in Rural Areas of YSR Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh, India

“…Mixed results were observed in different studies on the gender-wise occurrence of dental fluorosis in children as discussed by Akuno et al [ 17 ]. Studies by Keçeci et al [ 18 ], Saldarriaga et al [ 19 ], and Verma et al [ 20 ] showed no relationship between gender and fluoride effect on teeth, while some other studies showed significant gender differences in the prevalence of teeth fluorosis. In the present study, more prevalence was observed in girls than in boys.…”

Eficacia De Los Fluoruros Para La Prevención De Caries Dental: Una Revisión Narrativa

“…La fluorosis dental o hipoplasia adamantina por factores ambientales o dientes moteados, es una alteración que produce discromías anormales en el esmalte dental (Saldarriaga et al, 2021). Se produce por la ingesta indiscriminada de fluoruros y por periodos prolongados, generando líneas blancas delgadas en la pieza dental hasta defectos anatómicos graves (James et al, 2021).…”