The association between sleep efficiency and diabetes mellitus in community‐dwelling individuals with or without sleep‐disordered breathing

Abstract

Background Sleeping habits have been reported to be associated with diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to explore the relationship of sleep efficiency with diabetes mellitus in individuals with or without sleep‐disordered breathing based on polysomnography records. Methods We enrolled participants from the Sleep Heart Health Study. Objective indicators of sleep characteristics including sleep efficiency, sleep latency, slow‐wave sleep, wake after sleep onset, and total arousal index were monitored via in‐home polysomnography. Sleep efficiency was divided into grade 1 (≥85%), grade 2 (80%‐84.9%), and grade 3 (<80%). Multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to investigate the association between sleep quality and diabetes mellitus. Results The present study comprised 4737 participants with a mean age of 63.6 ± 11.0 years. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was higher in those with grade 3 sleep efficiency than that in those with grade 1 and grade 2 sleep efficiency in participants with (10.9% vs 8.5% vs 8.3%, respectively; P =.134) or without (9.5% vs 5.6% vs 3.5%, respectively; P <.001) sleep‐disordered breathing. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, sleep efficiency <80% was associated with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus only in participants without sleep‐disordered breathing (odds ratio, 1.894; 95% confidence interval, 1.187‐3.022, P =.007). Conclusion Poor sleep efficiency is associated with diabetes mellitus in those without sleep‐disordered breathing. Therefore, the relationship between sleep efficiency and diabetes mellitus is worth further investigation.

Sleep characteristic profiles and the correlation with spectrum of metabolic syndrome among older adult: a cross-sectional study

“…In our study, hyperglycemia consists of fasting plasma glucose (FPG level) ≥ 6.1 mmol/L or Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) 2 h plasma glucose level ≥ 7.8 mmol/L and/or previously diagnosed diabetes that was under treatment. In line with the result, a community-based cross-sectional study showed an inverse association between poor sleep efficiency and prevalence of diabetes in middle-aged and older adults [ 45 ]. Additionally, a study found that poor sleep efficiency was significantly associated with worse glycemic control among type 2 diabetic patients [ 46 ].…”

Sleep Efficiency May Predict Depression in a Large Population-Based Study

“…An increased percentage of fragmented REM sleep was also correlated with depressive symptoms in adolescents ( 11 ). Moreover, objective sleep characteristics such as sleep efficiency (SE) and wake after sleep onset (WASO) were associated with human health, but little evidence was found about the association between objective sleep characteristics and depression ( 12 , 13 ).…”

Multi-Scale Permutation Entropy: A Potential Measure for the Impact of Sleep Medication on Brain Dynamics of Patients with Insomnia

“…Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that mainly manifests as difficulty falling asleep, difficulty maintaining sleep and frequent and early awakenings [ 1 ]. Insomnia negatively affects health and quality of life, and is strongly associated with the incidence and deterioration of diabetes [ 2 , 3 , 4 ], cardiovascular disease [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], cancer [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], cognitive impairment [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], brain damage [ 14 , 15 ] and depression [ 16 , 17 ]. In addition, blood circulation, endocrine dyscrasia, loss of immunological competence and thermoregulation are also affected by insomnia [ 18 ].…”