The Art of Contestation and Legitimacy: Environment, Customary Communities, and Activism in Indonesia

Bettinger, Keith Andrew; Fisher, Micah R.; Miles, Wendy

doi:10.1108/s2051-503020140000015008

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The context behind PAR Although discussions about community-based resource management are longstanding in Indonesia (Fisher, Dhiaulhaq, and Sahide 2019), the 2007 COP presented a renewed opportunity to showcase the important role of communities in conserving forests in the context of climate change (Afiff 2016). This resulted in a broad coalition of NGOs advocating for Indigenous People's rights and land rights recognition, social forestry, and agrarian reform (Bettinger, Fisher, and Miles 2014). Given connections to international movements, the rights of Indigenous Peoples were first to gain explicit political attention, and by 2013 the Constitutional Court ruled over the illegal enclosures of adat lands, showcasing a groundswell of support for local participation in policymaking on forest land tenure (McCarthy and Robinson 2016;Myers et al 2017).…”

Section: Life 1: the Bulukumba Policymaking Taskforcementioning

confidence: 99%

Responding to Environmental Issues through Adaptive Collaborative Management

Colfer¹,

Prabhu²

2023

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Focused on forest management and governance, this book examines two decades of experience with Adaptive Collaborative Management (ACM), assessing both its uses and improvements needed to address global environmental issues.The volume argues that the activation and the empowerment of local peoples are critical to addressing current environmental challenges and that this must be enhanced by linking and extending such stewardship to global and national policymakers and actors on a broader scale. This can be achieved by employing ACM's participatory approach, characterized by conscious efforts among stakeholders to communicate, collaborate, negotiate and seek out opportunities to learn collectively about the impacts of their action. The case studies presented here reflect decades of experience working with forest communities in three Indonesian Islands and four African countries. Researchers and practitioners who participated in CIFOR's early ACM work had the rare opportunity to return to their research sites decades later to see what has happened. These authors reflect critically on their own experience and local site conditions to glean insights that guide us in more effectively addressing climate change and other forest-related challenges. They showcase how global and regional actors will have to work more closely with smallholders, Indigenous Peoples and local communities, recognizing the key local roles in forest stewardship. This book will be of great interest to students, scholars and practitioners working in the fields of conservation, forest management, community development, natural resource management and development studies more broadly.

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Section: Life 1: the Bulukumba Policymaking Taskforcementioning

confidence: 99%

Responding to Environmental Issues through Adaptive Collaborative Management

Colfer¹,

Prabhu²

2023

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“…Adat is tied to kinship and ancestry, and often interlinked with religiously defined concepts that take shape in different ways, such as Islam across Sulawesi (Gibson, 2007), Christianity in Toraja and elsewhere (Adams, 1993), and Catholicism in Flores (Erb, 2007). In the past three decades, adat has also powerfully aligned with international movements of indigeneity, finding political space in environmental and social justice movements (Niezen, 2003;Li, 2007;Bettinger et al, 2014), but in its local applications has also become vulnerable to cooptation by powerful interests, in the form of local strongmen making claims to power (van Klinken, 2007) or through interests among formal actors in the processes of recognition (Fisher and van der Muur, 2019). In more recent years however, social movements that coalesced and gained prominence during the fall of the Suharto regime promoted adat as a convening ideology for environmental and social justice in Indonesia.…”

Section: Adat and Adaptive Local Institutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community and conservation in Wallacea: Making the case for the region, a methodological framework, and research trends

Fisher¹,

Verheijen²,

Sahide³

2020

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This introduction provides a review of articles published in the special section on community conservation in the Wallacea region. As editors to the special section, we worked with contributors over a series of workshops to reflexively identify challenges to conducting research on community and conservation in this important and often overlooked region. The challenges are attributable to the dynamism and remoteness of the region, as well as its peripheral position relative to the center of government in Indonesia. We begin this article by making the case for a concerted field of study for the Wallacea region. Next, we draw on empirical research and continued engagement from across Wallacea to propose a framework that helps make better sense of the often perplexing trends involving communities and conservation in the region. We call the framework ASLi, which addresses the key institutions that negotiate conservation and development, including Adat and adaptive local institutions and the State. We situate these institutions within the dimensions of Livelihoods and their relations with natural resources. In testing out the framework with research groups and practitioners from across the region, we found that each of the aspects of the framework are fundamental for better understanding and facilitating policy discussions involving communities and conservation. In the second part of the article we shift our attention to assessing the empirical contributions from the special section. The empirical examples include eight articles from across the provinces of Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, and North Maluku. The issues range from topics that include: illegal species trade; human environment relations around charismatic species (e.g. komodo-community relations); watersheds, lakes, and landscapes; ecotourism; policy analysis; conservation management and planning; and, community participation and collaborative governance. There is much that remains misunderstood and misinterpreted about the Wallacea region. This initial set of consolidated and rich empirical material, combined with

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“…For example in Indonesia, against a backdrop of gross mismanagement of forests by the former Ministry of Forestry, the Indigenous People's Alliance of the Archipelago (AMAN) has been utilizing the Constitutional Court decision No. 35, REDD+, and One Map to gain formal recognition of local governance rights over customary forests (hutan adat), thereby strengthening local land tenure rights McGregor, 2015, 2017;Bettinger et al, 2014;McGregor et al, 2019).…”

Section: The Invisible Commoditymentioning

confidence: 99%

The invisible commodity: Local experiences with forest carbon offsetting in Indonesia

Miles

2020

Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space

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A core component of the Paris Agreement is reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+). Originally envisioned as a form of payments for ecosystem services, REDD+ has played out in a myriad of ways on the ground. Examining the transition of REDD+ from theory to practice, this article provides an ethnographic account of local experiences with the Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership in Indonesia. Challenges with the invisibility of “carbon” as a resource—both literally and figuratively—was a common theme as community members questioned the feasibility of carbon as a commodity and expressed concerns that if REDD+ did succeed, their land rights might be usurped by more powerful interests. Concurrent to REDD+, communities were navigating imminent threats from forest fires and oil palm expansion. Village government leaders saw REDD+ as a potential buffer against these threats, but due to a history of failed development interventions they proceeded carefully in REDD+. Because the Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership was funded by bi-lateral aid, it was less susceptible to fluctuations in the carbon market but more vulnerable to changes in Australia’s administration and aid priorities, which ultimately led to the project’s closure in 2014. Since the project’s closure, villages have experienced the expansion of oil palm plantations onto community lands, and local forests and croplands have been engulfed in massive peatland fires—both threats that REDD+ was designed to confront. A key lesson from the Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership is that if the international community wants to work with local communities to make a lasting impact, it is essential that their engagement be built upon commitment, transparency, and trust.

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The Art of Contestation and Legitimacy: Environment, Customary Communities, and Activism in Indonesia

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Responding to Environmental Issues through Adaptive Collaborative Management

Responding to Environmental Issues through Adaptive Collaborative Management

Community and conservation in Wallacea: Making the case for the region, a methodological framework, and research trends

The invisible commodity: Local experiences with forest carbon offsetting in Indonesia

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