The Anticancer Activity of Phytoconstituents of the Stem of Bouea macrophylla

Abstract

Gandaria (Bouea macrophylla Griff) is a typical Asian plant that is commonly found in In-donesia with various secondary metabolite compounds such as phenolic, flavonoid and ter-penoid. The purpose of this study was to isolate secondary metabolites from the stem extract of B. macrophylla and determine their activity against cancer cells MCF-7, A549, MDA-MB 231 and HCC-1954. The isolation of the compounds was conducted using various chromatographic techniques, the determination of the chemical structure of the isolates was performed using physicochemical methods including mass spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance, the determination of anticancer activity was carried out using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) i.e. MCF-7 and A549 cell lines; and dimetiltiazol-2-il) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) for MDA-MB 231 and HCC-1954 cell lines. Four compounds namely stigmasterol (1), fustin (2), garbanzol (3) and methyl galat (4) were successfully isolated from the stem extract of B. macrophylla, which was obtained from Serang Regency, Indonesia. These compounds were then tested their anticancer activity against the cancer cells of Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7), human alveolar epithelial cells (A549), human breast cancer cell line-1954 (HCC-1954) and M.D. Anderson-Metastatic Breast-231 (MDA-MB-231). The results of anticancer test indicated that based on the IC50 values for all compounds tested, the compounds 2 and 4 were more active on HCC-1954 cell with IC50 values of 134.35 ± 44.62 and 153.69 ± 12.54 µg/mL, respectively, while the compound 3 was found to be the most active against MDA-MB-231 cell line with IC50 value of 233.41 ± 91.57 µg/mL

Comparison of Maceration and Soxhletation Methods on the Antioxidant Activity of the Bouea macrophylla Griff Plant

“…Ethyl acetate solvent can attract flavonoid compounds because some flavonoids are semipolar compounds 31 . The flavonoid compounds that were successfully detected and isolated from the B. macrophylla plant were quercetin, kaempferol, and apigenin 27 , naringenin and luteolin 32 , as well as fustin dan garbanzol 33 .…”

Karakterisasi Fraksi Aktif Antioksidan dari Biji Gandaria (Bouea macrophylla)

“…macrophylla mengandung alkaloid, terpenoid, golongan fenol, flavonoid, kuinon tanin dan saponin. Ekstrak etil asetat batang B. macrophylla memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 4,89 µg/mL [4], mengandung senyawa naringenin dan luteolin [5], Lauric dietolamide dan loganin [6], fustin [7]. Ekstrak metanol buah B. macrophylla memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 16,29 mg/mL [8] dan ekstrak jus buah B. macrophylla sebesar 36,3 mg/mL [9].…”

“…Fasa gerak digunakan campuran pelarut asetonitril 0,1% dengan air 0,1% dengan sistem elusi isokratik. Interpretasi data dilakukan menggunakan software masslynx dan library MONA, serta massbank [6].…”

The Potential of Bekasi “Eduforest” urban forest in cultural environmental services

“…It can be used to make agricultural tools, the leaves can be eaten fresh, and the fruit with high antioxidants can be eaten immediately (Roni et al 2021). According to Rudiana et al (2021), Gandaria has a high antioxidant which correlates with anticancer properties, so it can be used as a medicinal plant. Not only well managed to be preserved in urban forests, but it can also provide aesthetic and economic value from the use of these plants.…”