The Antibacterial and Antioxidant Effects of Clove (Syzygium  aromaticum) and Lemon Verbena (Aloysia citriodora) Essential Oils

Hosseini, Mohammad; Jamshidi, Abdollah; Raeisi, Mojtaba; Azizzadeh, Mohammad

doi:10.29252/jhehp.5.2.7

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…2). Hosseini et al (2019), reported similar observations. They have observed inhibition zones of approximately 12.05 mm for E. coli PTCC 1399 and slightly larger zones for the Gram-positive Bacillus cereus PTCC 1154 (13.25 mm).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Study of the biological activity of essential oils-water mixtures

Lazarova-Zdravkova

Tsanova

Stoyanova

et al. 2021

FSAB

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This study aimed to investigate the biological activity of aqueous mixtures of two essential oils. The mixtures were prepared by mixing certain amounts of lavender and clove oils with distilled water at room temperature. In the case of lavender oil, a relatively clear saturated aqueous phase was obtained after mixing with an excess of the essential oil. The clove oil formed stable oil-in-water emulsions. The antibacterial activity of the samples was tested against two model bacterial strains. The growth of the Gram-negative Escherichia coli K12 and the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis 3562 was determined in 96-well microplates. A more prominent inhibition activity against E. coli K12 strain compared to B. subtilis 3562 for both oil-water mixtures was observed. A disk diffusion test indicated growth inhibition by the lavender oil during the tests against the Gram-positive strain (zones of around 11.7 mm) while clove oil inhibited both bacteria (12 mm - B. subtilis 3562 and 13.66 mm - E. coli K12). The DPPH free radical method showed no antioxidant activity for the aqueous solution of lavender oil. The pure lavender oil exhibited negligible activity compared to the gallic acid reference solution, the clove essential oil, and its emulsion. A quantitative relationship between the content of cloves essential oil in the emulsion and its radical scavenging capacity was demonstrated.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Study of the biological activity of essential oils-water mixtures

Lazarova-Zdravkova

Tsanova

Stoyanova

et al. 2021

FSAB

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“…The improvement of the serum oxidative status in the rats administered with 200 mg/kg of the extract was considered more significant compared to the metformin group. The antioxidant potential of the nutmeg extract in the diabetic groups could be attributed to the natural phenolic substances of this plant as previously described [20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Effects Of the Extract On The Serum Mda And Tacmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…The radical scavenging activity of the nutmeg extract in the current research could be allotted to the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids. In plants, phenolic compounds are mainly produced by the secondary metabolism, and the antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds largely depends on their redox properties, which enable their action as reductive agents, hydrogen donors, and singlet oxygen quenchers [22]. Some of the natural antioxidants belonging to the flavonoid compounds (flavonols, flavones, isoflavones, and pterocarpans) have been isolated from the M. fragrans seed [7].…”

Section: Antioxidant Capacity Based On Dpph Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antioxidant Potential and Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Myristica fragrans Seed (Nutmeg) Extract in Diabetic Rats

Pashapoor

Mashhadyrafie

Mortazavi

2020

J. Hum. Environ. Health Promot

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Background: The present study aimed to assess the phenolic content and in-vitro antioxidant capacity of the petroleum ether extract of nutmeg, as well as its antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activities in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Forty-eight male rats were allocated into six groups of eight each: non-diabetic control, diabetic control, and diabetic rats receiving 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of the nutmeg petroleum ether extract or 100 mg/kg metformin. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the extract was determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. Results: The nutmeg extract contained considerable levels of phenols (112.41 mg GAE/100 g) and flavonoids (26.12 mg QE/100 g) and showed a remarkable scavenging effect on the DPPH radicals with the IC50 value of 123.36 g/ml. The administration of the nutmeg extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) to the diabetic rats caused a significant reduction in the serum levels of malondialdehyde, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein, while a significant increase was observed in the total antioxidant capacity and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol serum levels. Conclusion: According to the results, nutmeg extract is an abundant source of natural antioxidants, which might have beneficial effects on patients with diabetes mellitus develop educational packages.

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“…An investigation conducted by Hosseini et al found that AC EO has potent antioxidant activity compared with the positive control (BHT), with IC 50 values of 11.33 ± 01 and 27.43 ± 04 μg/mL, respectively [ 30 ]. The presence of heteroatom-containing compounds in the EOs can induce antioxidant activity, Oxygen containing moieties like phenols or hydroxyl have antioxidant activity more potent than Nitrogen-containing structures like aniline [ 31 ], However, Citral is the main component of various plants was reported as antioxidant agents [ 32 ] and in our EOs of AC one of the main component was the α-Citral from both regions, as well as more chemical components with Oxygen atom-like Methyl lineoleate and [2,2-Dimethyl-4-(3-methyl but-2-enyl)-6-methylidenecyclohexyl] methanol was observed in the EOs of AC from Baqa al-Gharbiyye in quantities two-three times more than Umm al-Fahm EOs, and this can explain the antioxidant activity of both EOs and the more potent activities regarding Baqa al-Gharbiyye than Umm al-Fahm EOs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oukerrou et al found that AC EO inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus, with MIC values of 8.37 and 5.84 mg/mL, respectively [27]. Another study conducted by Hosseini et al evaluated the antibacterial activity of AC EO using the microdilution method and found that it has antibacterial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus, with MICs of 2500, 2500, and 1250 μg/mL, respectively [30]. Among the EO compounds, the aromatic containing compounds like carvacrol, thymol, eugenol, and cinnamaldehyde appear to have interesting antimicrobial activities as well as the aliphatic components, like nerol, linalool, citral, geraniol, perillaldehyde, and α-terpineol, possess potent antimicrobial activities [33], the antibacterial mechanism of these aromatic and aliphatic compounds is that in their lipophilic ability to partition in the lipophilic lipids of the mitochondria and cytoplasmic membrane as well as they could disturb the structures, and resulting in leakage of bacterial cell contents [34].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral characterization, antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and cyclooxygenase inhibitory activities of Aloysia citriodora essential oils collected from two Palestinian regions

Jaradat

Hawash

Abualhasan

et al. 2021

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background Aloysia citriodora Palau (AC) is commonly known as Lemon Verbena and has been utilized as a medicinal tea in folkloric medicine for the treatment of abdominal spasm, anxiety, and fever. The present investigation aimed to identify the chemical ingredients of AC essential oil (EO) collected from two different locations in Palestine and to assess their antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory effects. Methods Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) technique was used to identify the chemical components of the hydro-distilled EO from both regions, while DPPH, MTS, and COX assays were utilized to estimate the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and COX inhibitory activities of the EOs, respectively. Moreover, a broth microdilution assay was used to assess antimicrobial potentials against seven microbial strains. Results The GC/MS technique revealed the presence of 17 compounds from the AC collected from the Umm al-Fahm region and 13 compounds from the sample from the Baqa al-Gharbiyye region, while α-citral was the major component of both EOs, representing 47.62 and 43.46%, respectively. The Baqa al-Gharbiyye AC EO exerted more potent antioxidant activity than the Umm al-Fahm EO, with IC50 values of 11.74 ± 0.18 and 35.48 ± 0.14 μg/mL, respectively, while the positive control Trolox had antioxidant IC50 values of 2.45 ± 0.01 μg/mL. Interestingly, both EOs inhibited more potential activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Proteus vulgaris than Ciprofloxacin and Ampicillin antibiotics and also showed more potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans than Fluconazole. Moreover, the Baqa al-Gharbiyye AC EO had a more potent cytotoxic effect than the Umm al-Fahm EO, with IC50 values of 84.5 ± 0.24 and 33.31 ± 0.01 μg/mL, respectively, compared with Doxorubicin, which had an IC50 dose of 22.01 ± 1.4 μg/mL. The EOs from Baqa al-Gharbiyye showed potent activity against both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, with IC50 of 52.93 ± 0.13 and 89.31 ± 0.21 μg/mL, respectively, while the EOs from the Umm al-Fahm region showed weaker activity against these enzymes, with IC50 of 349.99 ± 0.33 and 1326.37 ± 1.13 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion Both characterized EOs have a huge variety of chemical components. The Baqa al-Gharbiyye AC EO has more potent antioxidant and cytotoxic activities than the Umm al-Fahm EO, but both have potential antimicrobial activity against MRSA, P. vulgaris, and C. albicans. These results suggest the use of AC EOs as promising sources of active ingredients in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.

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The Antibacterial and Antioxidant Effects of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and Lemon Verbena (Aloysia citriodora) Essential Oils

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Study of the biological activity of essential oils-water mixtures

Study of the biological activity of essential oils-water mixtures

The Antioxidant Potential and Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Myristica fragrans Seed (Nutmeg) Extract in Diabetic Rats

Spectral characterization, antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and cyclooxygenase inhibitory activities of Aloysia citriodora essential oils collected from two Palestinian regions

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