Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most common foodborne pathogens. Poultry meat and products are of the main vehicles of pathogenic strains of L. monocytogenes for human. Poultry products are part of the regular diet of people and, due to nutrient content, more content of protein, and less content of fat, gain more attention. In comparison with red meat, poultry meat is more economical. So, it had a greater rate of consumption especially in barbecue form in which the growth of bacterium is favored. Subtyping of L. monocytogenes isolates is essential for epidemiological investigation and for identification of the source of contamination. In the following review, the main facet of presence of L. monocytogenes in poultry will be discussed. Most pathogenic serotypes of L. monocytogenes were detected in different products of poultry meat. Unfortunately, these isolated pathogens had sometimes resistance to commonly used antibiotics which were used for treatment of human infection.

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In this study, a total of 250 eggs were collected randomly from 50 retail stores in Mashhad city over a period of 3 months in the summer of 2008. Five samples from each store were collected, and transferred to the laboratory. In order to isolate Salmonella spp., conventional culture method – including pre‐enrichment, enrichment, selective plating and differential plating – were performed. To confirm the identification of isolated colonies as Salmonella spp. and determining serovars as Typhimurium and Enteritidis serovars, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay using three pairs of primers were employed: S141 and S139 for the invA gene, specific for the genus of Salmonella; Fli15 and Tym for the fliC gene, specific for Typhimurium serovar; and Prot6e‐5 and Prot6e‐6 for Prot6E gene, specific for Enteritidis serovar. Four out of 250 samples (1.6%) from eggshells were determined as contaminated with Salmonella spp. Isolated colonies were confirmed as Salmonella, and their serovar was determined as Typhimurium. Salmonella spp. was not isolated from the eggs' contents. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS It seems that Salmonella Typhimurium is the most prevalent serotype of egg contaminant in the Mashhad area of Iran, and the multiplex polymerase chain reaction method based on amplification from conserved genes could be a reliable alternative for conventional culture methods.

The present study was conducted to preserve the microbial quality of chicken breast during storage time by using sodium alginate active coating solutions incorporated with different natural antimicrobials including Lemon Verbena (Le) and clove essential oils (Cl) which were added individually and in combination as well as packaging in Modified Atmosphere (M) (65% CO 2 , 30% N 2 , and 5% O 2) and in ambient atmosphere (A). The samples were stored in refrigeration condition for 15 days and were analyzed for total viable count, Enterobacteriaceae count, lactic acid bacteria count, Pseudomonas spp. count, psychrotrophic count, and yeast and mold count, as well as pH, TBA, TVN, and sensory analyses at 5-day intervals. After 15 days of storage it was found that coating with sodium alginate containing 0.5% of Cl and 0.5% Le in modified atmosphere packaging is the most effective combination in lowering aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Pseudomonas, Psychrotrophic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, mold, and yeast. Results indicated that Le 0.5 C 0.5 M had the lowest pH (5.76) after 15 days. Lipid oxidation increased rapidly after 5 days of storage all treatments while 2 | MATERIAL S AND ME THODS 2.1 | Materials Dried leaves of A. citriodora and dried flowers of buds of S. aromaticum were purchased from, local markets in Gorgan, Iran and the species were identified in Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Educational Center. Sodium alginate was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. St. Louis, USA). All culture media were purchased from Merck (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). All other chemicals used were of analytical grade and were provided by Merck Chemical Co.

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