The anti-inflammatory effect of Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil (Mate) in a murine model of pleurisy

Abstract

Ilex paraguariensis is a native plant from Southern America, where it is used as a beverage. In traditional medicine, it is used to treat many diseases including inflammation. However, we do not yet know precisely how this effect occurs. We therefore evaluated its anti-inflammatory effect in a murine model of pleurisy. The standardized CE, BF and ARF fractions, Caf, Rut and CGA were able to reduce leukocyte migration, exudate concentration, MPO and ADA activities and NOx levels. Moreover, I. paraguariensis also inhibited the release of Th1/Th17 pro-inflammatory cytokines, while increasing IL-10 production and improving the histological architecture of inflamed lungs. In addition, its major compounds decreased p65 NF-κB phosphorylation. Based on our results, we can conclude that I. paraguariensis exerts its anti-inflammatory action by attenuating the Th1/Th17 polarization in this model. This fact suggests that the use of this plant as a beverage can protect against Th1/Th17 inflammatory diseases.

Anti‐fatigue activity of sea cucumber peptides prepared from Stichopus japonicus in an endurance swimming rat model

“…53 NF-B, generally located in cytoplasm, is known as the most important transcription factor participating in modulating immune responses; it regulates the expression of various genes related to the inflammatory process with highlight to pro-inflammatory cytokines. 54 When it is invoked by fatigue or other diseases, NF-B is released into the nucleus, where gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators is triggered, finally leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-, IL-1 , IL-6 and IL-10. 55 SCP treatment could inhibit TLR4 expression and NF-B activation in exhaustive swimming rats, and therefore the release of inflammatory cytokines was reduced.…”

Yerba mate aqueous extract improves the oxidative and inflammatory states of rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis

“…The decrease caused by yerba mate in the number of leukocytes recruited into the inflammatory site was already suggested for several inflammation models based on the diminution of the local myeloperoxidase activity. 14,15 Ilex paraguariensis extracts have been reported to scavenge very effectively DPPH, ABTS, peroxyl radicals and ROS generated by isolated mitochondria and to reduce products formed during lipid peroxidation. 5 Ibuprofen, however, is basically a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, whose direct antioxidant action has been reported to be very weak.…”

“…39 Moreover, treatment with yerba mate decreases the levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA), which, in turn, could mean a diminution of neutrophil degranulation and its oxidant activity. 14 The decrease in neutrophil activation may also be related to plasma myeloperoxidase levels, considering that the enzyme is present in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils and released when these cells are activated. 14 All these observations mentioned in the preceding paragraph and several others to be found in the literature confirm, thus, the importance of the anti-inflammatory actions of yerba mate, mediated by salvianolic acid I (a caffeic acid trimer), chlorogenic acids (especially 3-O-caffeoylquinic, 4-O-caffeoylquinic, 5-O-caffeoylquinic and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acids) and probably by their metabolites caffeic and ferulic acids, which could be largely responsible also for its anti-oxidant action.…”

“…4,5 Similarly, yerba mate should equally be able to attenuate the inflammatory state if one takes into account its well documented anti-inflammatory activity. [13][14][15] Considering the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of yerba mate, we decided to investigate the effects of a hot water aqueous extract on both the oxidative and inflammatory states of rats with arthritis induced by the complete Freund's adjuvant as a continuation of our previous investigations on the chemical composition of hot and cold water extracts of this plant. 4,5 The hot water extract corresponds to the traditional beverage known as "chimarrão" in Brazil and simply "mate" in Spanish speaking countries.…”

Development of a preliminary sensory lexicon for mate tea

“…Numerous active components have been identified in Yerba Mate. Some of them are antioxidant (Boaventura et al, ; Mateos, Baeza, Sarriá, & Bravo, ), anti‐obesity (Alkhatib, ; Arçari, Santos, Gambero, & Ribeiro, ), antidiabetic (Kang et al, ), neuroprotective (Santos et al, ), vasodilatory (Pontilho et al, ), anti‐mutagenic (Bracesco et al, ), anti‐glycation effects, increasing of energy, antimicrobial (Yuan & Yuk, ), and anti‐inflammatory (Luz et al, ).…”