The Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Batteries Based on Conversion Reactions: a Review

Abstract

Due to its characteristics of not being constrained by the lattice structure and cation size, electrochemical conversion reaction is becoming an increasingly prominent type of electrochemical reaction. Lithium‐ion batteries can achieve superior performance by utilizing conversion reactions, Moreover, Sodium‐ion batteries are expected to become alternatives to lithium‐ion because of the plentiful sodium resources. This review discusses the most current developments and unmet needs in anode materials based on conversion reactions of Lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion batteries, as well as various synthesis techniques, morphological characteristics, and electrochemical properties.

Fabrication of Hollow and Hierarchical CuO Micro–Nano Cubes Wrapped by Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Prospective Anode for SIBs

“…To conquer these issues, various strategies and methods have been proposed, including extensive exploration of high-performance anodes for SIBs. − Compared to carbon-based anode materials, such as expanded graphite, graphene, and hard carbon, which have good cyclic stability but low theoretical capacities, transition metal oxides (TMOs) (M = Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, and Cu) based on “conversion mechanism” have attracted significant attention due to their high theoretical capacities for Na + storage. − Among them, copper oxide (CuO) has been profoundly investigated as a promising SIB anode owing to its low cost, nontoxicity, good chemical stability, and high theoretical capacity. − However, similar to other TMO-based anode materials, the low inherent electronic/ionic conductivity and significant volume variation of CuO anodes during the charge/discharge process are two critical defects that would lead to sluggish kinetics of Na + and deteriorative cycling stability for SIBs. , Therefore, it is necessary to employ innovative design strategies and reasonable configuration modifications for CuO anodes in order to construct optimized structures that promote the transfer of Na + and maintain the structural integrity.…”

Research Progress and Modification Measures of Anode and Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…(3) Due to the higher internal resistance of sodium ion batteries compared to lithium batteries, they have less instantaneous heat generation, lower temperature rise, and higher thermal runaway temperature in the event of a short circuit, providing higher safety. Overall, the mass production of sodium ion batteries is urgent, but the level of application, especially in the energy storage industry, is still a goal that needs continuous efforts [180–183] …”

PEG–PVP-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of N-Doped MoS2/C Composites as Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…In recent years, the generation of renewable energy such as wind and solar energy has made great progress but is limited by the instability of its power source. Therefore, large-scale electrochemical energy storage devices with high capacity are crucial for the efficient utilization of clean energy. − In addition, the rapid development of portable electronic devices has also put forward higher requirements for the performance of the secondary battery. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted much attention and good application prospects in the field of energy storage due to their advantages such as relatively high volumetric energy density, rapid charge/discharge capacity, long cycle life, and better safety performance. − As an important component of LIBs, the anode material materials have become the key point to improve the electrochemical performances of LIBs.…”