Due to its characteristics of not being constrained by the lattice structure and cation size, electrochemical conversion reaction is becoming an increasingly prominent type of electrochemical reaction. Lithium‐ion batteries can achieve superior performance by utilizing conversion reactions, Moreover, Sodium‐ion batteries are expected to become alternatives to lithium‐ion because of the plentiful sodium resources. This review discusses the most current developments and unmet needs in anode materials based on conversion reactions of Lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion batteries, as well as various synthesis techniques, morphological characteristics, and electrochemical properties.

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To clarify the mechanism of active site conversion and utilization of the Pt−M alloy complexed with nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) catalysts (Pt−M/NC) for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), we synthesized the two‐dimensions thin‐layer hierarchical porous nitrogen‐carbon for supporting PtCo nanoparticles (2D PtCo/TNC) and applied to alkaline ORR. The self‐assembled thin layer of carbon nitride (TL‐C3N4) was thermally fused with commercial carbon black (C) to form a 2D‐TNC, which can conduct the optimal mass transfer. Therewith, PtCo nanoparticles were anchored on this carrier through a thermal injection strategy, promoting the formation of Co−N and achieving low Pt loading (2 wt%). As a promoter, the Co−N favours the lattice distortion of PtCo alloys and facilitates the in‐situ adsorption‐diffusion process of oxygen‐containing species. Thus, the obtained catalyst demonstrates an excellent ORR activity in alkaline electrolytes, with a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.885 V and electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) of 111 m2/g, lower Tafel slope of 66 mV/dec.

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