The anatomy of tissue cultured red raspberry prior to and after transfer to soil

Abstract

The leaf, petiole, stem and root anatomy of an aseptically cultured red raspberry clone (Rubus idaeus L.) was studied before and 5 weeks after transfer to soil under controlled environmental conditions. Tissues persistent from culture showed little or no change with time in soil; they grew minimally and slight secondary wall deposition occurred. New organs formed in successive weeks after transplantation showed a graded increase in potential size and development. Some features, such as collenchyma formation, rapidly returned to control levels; this was seen in new leaves expanding in the first week after transplantation. Other features, such as sclerenchyma formation, did not occur in leaves expanding during the first 2 weeks after transplantation, even when these were a month or more in age. Some sclerenchyma was seen in leaves expanding in the third week after transplantation, increasing in later-formed leaves. Increasing the light intensity of transplant accelerated the return to control-type organ size and appearance. During acclimatization transitional forms of leaves, petioles, stems and roots develop that ranged anatomically from culture-to control-type. This trend is analagous to the normal developmental sequence of organ formation as it affects the potential for development of successily formed organs.

Estímulo do comportamento fotoautotrófico durante o enraizamento in vitro de Annona glabra L. , II. Aspectos da anatomia da folha antes da aclimatização

“…Comparativamente, as plantas desenvolvidas heterotroficamente, em geral, apresentamse pouco lignificadas, com células de parede pouco espessadas, com abundância de espaços intercelulares, sistema vascular pouco desenvolvido e reduzida quantidade de tecidos de sustentação, sujeitos a desordens morfológicas e fisiológicas. Portanto, em geral, a anatomia interna e a ultra-estrutura são, diferentes daquelas crescidas fotoautroficamente, em casa de vegetação ou em campo (DONNELLY et al, 1985;KOZAI & KITAYA, 1995;WETZSTEIN et al, 1981;ZIV, 1986).…”

Anatomia comparada das folhas e raízes de Cymbidium Hort. (Orchidaceae) cultivadas ex vitro e in vitro

“…Como o teste com lugol não evidenciou a presença de amido em Pierik (1990) também observou que as raízes produzidas in vitro são fracas e pouco funcionais. Donnelly et al (1985) observaram que raízes de framboesa cultivadas in vitro são delgadas e recobertas por pêlos radiculares diferindo das raízes das plantas desenvolvidas sob condições naturais.…”

“…Somente as folhas novas formadas após as plantas terem sido removidas da cultura in vitro são semelhantes às formadas no ambiente ex vitro (Donnelly et al 1985). Durante a aclimatização, as folhas formadas in vitro podem persistir ou podem sofrer senescência.…”

Water Loss and Morphological Modifications in Leaves During Acclimatization of Cork Oak Micropropagated Plantlets

“…This results from excessive transpiration from leaves, stomata and cuticle, or from inadequate uptake of water from roots. Various authors have related water loss to abnormal stomata (Donnelly et al, 1985;Blanke and Belcher, 1989;Santamaria et al, 1993). Others related this water loss to reduced thickness and/or anomalous structure of the cuticle (Dhawan and Bhojwani, 1987;Capellades et al, 1990;Diettrich et al, 1992).…”

“…Others related this water loss to reduced thickness and/or anomalous structure of the cuticle (Dhawan and Bhojwani, 1987;Capellades et al, 1990;Diettrich et al, 1992). Anomalous structure of the leaves, altered stomata density and reduced trichome density, are other factors causing water stress during acclimatization (Donnelly et al, 1985;Lee et al, 1988;Capellades et al, 1990). The goal of this work was to study leaf anatomy and water loss during in vitro acclimatization of cork oak micropropagated plantlets.…”