The American lobster; a study of its habits and development

Herrick, Francis H.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.53809

Cited by 136 publications

(132 citation statements)

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“…Ontogeny of the foregut and STNS Although previous developmental studies in lobsters have focused on Homarus americanus (Bumpus, 1891;Herrick, 1895;Factor, 1981;Charmantier, 1987;Charmantier and Aiken, 1987), recent comparative developmental work has shown that H. americanus and H. gammarus share similar morphological and anatomical features (Gruffydd et al, 1975). In H. gammarus, as in other decapod crustaceans (Bumpus, 1891;Regnault, 1972), the future foregut appears as a depression of the ectoderm followed by its invagination toward the yolk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the developmental periods of Homarus have been described (Bumpus, 1891;Herrick, 1895;Beltz et al, 1992), there are no reports on the development of the embryonic foregut or stomodeum of lobsters or other large crustaceans. Thus, using histological techniques (see Materials and Methods) we followed the morphological development of the stomodeum which can be detected very early in the embryo of Homarus as an invagination of the ectoderm between the brain and the ventral nerve cord.…”

Section: Ontogeny Of the Foregutmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The developmental stages of Homarus had been extensively described since the pioneering work of Herrick (1895) and Bumpus (1891), and more recently by Helluy and Beltz (1991) and Beltz et al (1992). The principal features of the lobster Homarus gammarus development are summarized in Figure 2.…”

Section: Ontogeny Of the Foregutmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional differentiation of adult neural circuits from a single embryonic network

Casasnovas¹,

Meyrand²

1995

J. Neurosci.

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The stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) of adult lobsters and crabs generates a number of different rhythmic motor patterns which control different regional movements of the foregut. Since these output patterns are generated by discrete neural networks that, in the adult, are well characterized in terms of synaptic and cellular properties, this system constitutes an ideal model for exploring the mechanisms underlying the ontogeny of neural network organization. The foregut and its rhythmic motor patterns were studied in in vitro STNS nerve-muscle preparations of the embryo and different larval stages of the lobster Homarus gammarus. The development of Homarus comprises a long embryonic stage in ovo followed by three pelagic larval stages prior to the onset of benthic life. During these stages the foregut itself develops slowly from a simple ectodermal invagination that occurs in the embryo. During successive larval stages it progressively acquires all the specialized structures and shape of the adult foregut. In contrast, the STNS is morphologically recognizable at early embryonic stages. In all recorded stages the STNS spontaneously expresses rhythmic motor activity. During development, this activity is progressively restructured, beginning with a single rhythmic motor pattern in the embryo where all the stomodeal muscles are strongly coordinated. In subsequent stages, however, this single pattern is progressively subdivided to give rise eventually to the three discrete rhythmic motor patterns characteristic of the adult STNS. Our data suggest that rather than a dismantling of redundant embryonic and larval neural networks, the different adult networks emerge as a progressive partitioning of discrete circuits from a single embryonic network.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ontogeny Of the Foregutmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional differentiation of adult neural circuits from a single embryonic network

Casasnovas¹,

Meyrand²

1995

J. Neurosci.

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“…The stages are easily distinguished from one another and their development has been described. All four stages are shown in Figure 2 (Herrick, 1896). (Botero and Atema, 1982;Ennis, 1986).…”

Section: Larval Morphology and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental changes in the structure and function of lobster hemocyanin

Olson¹

1991

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“…This motor system was chosen because its neuronal organization is well understood in adults (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29) and because it develops largely after larvae hatch from the egg (5,30,31). Swimmeret sense organs and muscles are undifferentiated at hatching, but the appendages are fully developed and capable of rhythmic locomotor movements 3 weeks later, when the larvae molt to the fourth larval stage (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of Locomotor Patterns in the Absence of Peripheral Sense Organs and Muscles

Davis

1973

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The role of peripheral sense organs and muscles in specifying the circuitry of the central nervous system during ontogeny was tested in larval lobsters. Presumptive locomotor appendages, the abdominal swimmerets, were extirpated before their differentiation. Electrophysiological recordings made 2-4 weeks later from the corresponding motor nerves showed that, despite the absence of the target muscles and sense organs, normal reflexes and normal patterns of rhythmic locomotor output appeared in the swimmeret motoneurons at the usual developmental stage. Therefore, target muscles and sense organs are unnecessary to the differentiation of normal motor output patterns in this simple invertebrate locomotor system.The role of the periphery in determining the circuitry of the central nervous system has been studied and debated for nearly a century (1-5). According to one view, peripheral sense organs and muscles provide the central nervous system with essential information for specifying and modifying synaptic connections. Sensory feedback from movements in a developing motor system, for example, could help organize the corresponding central connections. Similarly, a muscle could, in principle, "instruct" its motoneurons to form appropriate central connections by means of biochemical "messages" conveyed centrally from the muscle-the well-known hypothesis of myotypic specification. Such hypotheses are significant not only for ontogeny and regeneration, but also for neuronal plasticity in general; if the periphery can indeed influence central circuitry, the underlying mechanisms could have implications for theories of learning and memory.Evidence on the role of the periphery in establishing central circuitry consists largely of behavioral observations (3). Such evidence suggests that in some motor systems, at least, sensory input or feedback may not be necessary to the formation of normal movements during development (6-11) or after limb transplantation (12). Decisive tests using electrophysiological methods, however, are lacking. Myotypic specification seemed an attractive explanation for transplantation data (12-14), but more recent studies support alternative mechanisms (4, 15-17), and in any case a possible ontogenetic role for myotypic specification has not been studied previously.The present study was undertaken to test the role of peripheral structures in specifying central nervous connections during the ontogeny of a simple locomotor system, the abdominal swimmerets of the lobster. This motor system was chosen because its neuronal organization is well understood in adults (18-29) and because it develops largely after larvae hatch from the egg (5, 30, 31). Swimmeret sense organs and muscles are undifferentiated at hatching, but the appendages are fully developed and capable of rhythmic locomotor movements 3 weeks later, when the larvae molt to the fourth larval stage (5). Thus it was possible to interfere with the normal developmental sequence by extirpation of presumptive swimmeret tissue, and to examine t...

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The American lobster; a study of its habits and development

Cited by 136 publications

References 31 publications

Functional differentiation of adult neural circuits from a single embryonic network

Functional differentiation of adult neural circuits from a single embryonic network

Developmental changes in the structure and function of lobster hemocyanin

Development of Locomotor Patterns in the Absence of Peripheral Sense Organs and Muscles

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