The Algicidal Fungus Trametes versicolor F21a Eliminating Blue Algae via Genes Encoding Degradation Enzymes and Metabolic Pathways Revealed by Transcriptomic Analysis

Abstract

The molecular mechanism underlying the elimination of algal cells by fungal mycelia has not been fully understood. Here, we applied transcriptomic analysis to investigate the gene expression and regulation at time courses of Trametes versicolor F21a during the algicidal process. The obtained results showed that a total of 193, 332, 545, and 742 differentially expressed genes were identified at 0, 6, 12, and 30 h during the algicidal process, respectively. The gene ontology terms were enriched into glucan 1,4-α-glucosidase activity, hydrolase activity, lipase activity, and endopeptidase activity. The KEGG pathways were enriched in degradation and metabolism pathways including Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, Pyruvate metabolism, the Biosynthesis of amino acids, etc. The total expression levels of all Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes (CAZyme) genes for the saccharide metabolism were increased by two folds relative to the control. AA5, GH18, GH5, GH79, GH128, and PL8 were the top six significantly up-regulated modules among 43 detected CAZyme modules. Four available homologous decomposition enzymes of other species could partially inhibit the growth of algal cells. The facts suggest that the algicidal mode of T. versicolor F21a might be associated with decomposition enzymes and several metabolic pathways. The obtained results provide a new candidate way to control algal bloom by application of decomposition enzymes in the future.

Identification of Long Non-Coding RNAs and the Regulatory Network Responsive to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Colonization in Maize Roots

“…An effective way to improve maize production is to apply artificial chemical fertilizers. Although fertilizers have greatly improved the total yield of crops, massive amounts of fertilizers are often wasted [5,6]. Fertilizers are often washed into water bodies, becoming a major source of agricultural non-point source pollution [6,7].…”

Comparative genomics uncovers genetic diversity and synthetic biology of secondary metabolite production of the genus Trametes

“…(ranged from 5 to 20) and GH16 (ranged from 6 to 15) were higher than other CAZyme families (Figure 3c). We found that the counts of AA2 of T. cinnabarina BRFM137 (14) and CBM21 of T. villosa CCMB561 (24) were higher than that of other strains (Figure 3c). In contrast, the distributions of CAZyme families of core clusters, including AA2, CBM1, CBM14, CBM50, GH18, GH3, GH37 and GT90, in Trametes strains were similar (Figure 3d).…”

“…Especially, the CAZyme classes (glycoside hydrolases, carbohydrate eaterases, and polysaccharide lyases) play central roles in plant biomass decomposition by bacteria and fungi [ 13]. It has been reported that the total expression levels of CAZyme genes of T. versicolor F21a were almost twice as that of the control group during the algicidal process and the majority of expressed CAZyme genes belonged to glycoside hydrolases family and auxiliary activities [ 14]. Similarly, 590 genes of T. villosa CCMB561 were identified as CAZyme genes [ 4].…”

Comparative Genomics Uncovers the Genetic Diversity and Synthetic Biology of Secondary Metabolite Production of Trametes

“…In addition, GH16 comprises a large of glycosidases and transglycosidases, which catalyzed a range of terrestrial and marine polysaccharides [53]. The counts of AA2 of T. cinnabarina BRFM137 (14) and CBM21 of T. villosa CCMB561 (24) was higher than that of other strains (Figure 3(c)). By contrast, the distributions of CAZyme families of core clusters, such as AA2, CBM1, CBM14, CBM50, GH18, GH3, GH37, and GT90, in Trametes strains were similar (Figure 3(d)).…”

“…In particular, CAZyme classes (glycoside hydrolases [GH], carbohydrate esterases [CEs], and polysaccharide lyases) play central roles in plant biomass decomposition by bacteria and fungi [13]. The total expression levels of CAZyme genes of T. versicolor F21a are almost twice as that of the control group during algaecide, and the majority of expressed CAZyme genes belong to GH family and auxiliary activities [14]. Similarly, 590 genes of T. villosa CCMB561 are identified as CAZyme genes [4].…”