The administration of monosodium l-glutamate to neonatal and pregnant rhesus monkeys

Newman, A.J.; Heywood, R.; Palmer, Anthony K.; Barry, David H.; Edwards, FelicityC.; Worden, Alastair N.

doi:10.1016/0300-483x(73)90006-1

Cited by 48 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…After 4 h, examination of the brains revealed no abnormalities. A further 16 monkeys were divided into five groups; four groups received orally 2 g MSG/kg bw and one group was given 4 g/kg bw Examination of the brains and of serum GOT and GPT showed no abnormalities' (Newman et al, 1973as referred to by JECFA, 1988.…”

Section: Monkeysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Re‐evaluation of glutamic acid (E 620), sodium glutamate (E 621), potassium glutamate (E 622), calcium glutamate (E 623), ammonium glutamate (E 624) and magnesium glutamate (E 625) as food additives

Mortensen¹,

Aguilar²,

Crebelli³

et al. 2017

EFS2

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The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provides a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of glutamic acid-glutamates (E 620-625) when used as food additives. Glutamate is absorbed in the intestine and it is presystemically metabolised in the gut wall. No adverse effects were observed in the available short-term, subchronic, chronic, reproductive and developmental studies. The only effect observed was increased kidney weight and increased spleen weight; however, the increase in organ weight was not accompanied by adverse histopathological findings and, therefore, the increase in organ weight was not considered as an adverse effect. The Panel considered that glutamic acid-glutamates (E 620-625) did not raise concern with regards to genotoxicity. From a neurodevelopmental toxicity study, a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 3,200 mg monosodium glutamate/kg body weight (bw) per day could be identified. The Panel assessed the suitability of human data to be used for the derivation of a health-based guidance value. Although effects on humans were identified human data were not suitable due to the lack of dose-response data from which a dose without effect could be identified. Based on the NOAEL of 3,200 mg monosodium glutamate/kg bw per day from the neurodevelopmental toxicity study and applying the default uncertainty factor of 100, the Panel derived a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 30 mg/kg bw per day, expressed as glutamic acid, for glutamic acid and glutamates (E 620-625). The Panel noted that the exposure to glutamic acid and glutamates (E 620-625) exceeded not only the proposed ADI, but also doses associated with adverse effects in humans for some population groups.

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Section: Monkeysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another experiment, 'two monkeys aged 2 days were given 2 g MSG/kg bw and the brains were examined after 4 h. No abnormalities were seen' (Newman et al, 1973as referred to by JECFA, 1988.…”

Section: Monkeysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re‐evaluation of glutamic acid (E 620), sodium glutamate (E 621), potassium glutamate (E 622), calcium glutamate (E 623), ammonium glutamate (E 624) and magnesium glutamate (E 625) as food additives

Mortensen¹,

Aguilar²,

Crebelli³

et al. 2017

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The use of glutamate as a food additive has been controversial. However, four other laboratories were unable to find lesions in infant monkeys given equally large doses of MSG (33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43). The failure of these groups to observe lesions in neonatal nonhuman primates did not reflect a failure of the glutamate load to produce elevated plasma glutamate concentrations (37,42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Plasma Glutamate Concentrations in 1-Year-Old Infants and Adults Ingesting Monosodium L-Glutamate in Consommé

et al. 1986

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ABSTRACT. This study tested the hypothesis that infants metabolize glutamate more slowly than adults. Eight l-yrold infants ingested 160 ml of a beef consommi: providing monosodium L-glutamate at 0, 25, and 50 mg/kg body weight. Plasma glutamate and aspartate concentrations were measured sequentially for the next 2 h. The results were compared to values noted in nine adult subjects ingesting equivalent doses of monosodium L-glutamate in consomme. In adults, mean (+ SD) peak plasma glutamate concentrations were 5.59 f 1.56, 10.2 + 2.08, and 17.0 f The ability of human infants to metabolize MSG has been one area of concern in considering glutamate's safety as a food additive. Olney (1-3) postulated that human infants metabolized dicarboxylic amino acids more slowly than adults, and projected theoretical plasma glutamate concentrations for infants at much higher values than those for adults following glutamate ingestion.The present study directly tested this hypothesis by measuring the plasma glutamate and aspartate response in 1-yr-old infants fed a beef consommi containing graded doses of MSG. The results of these studies were compared with previously reported (4) plasma glutamate and aspartate values in normal adults administered equivalent doses of MSG in the same consomm6. MATERIALS AND METHODSEight infants (four male, four female) were studied. The proposed study was explained to at least one of the parents and informed, written consent was obtained. The protocol of the study was reviewed and approved by the Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects of the University of Iowa.Each child ingested 160 ml of beef consommC providing 0,25, and 50 mg/kg body weight of added MSG in a balanced crossover design. Each infant was randomly assigned to receive consommi providing either 0 or 25 mg MSG/kg body weight, followed by the other dose at least 1 wk later. After these two tests had been completed and the results evaluated, each infant ingested consommi providing MSG at 50 mg/kg body weight. All tests were begun at 0800 h following an overnight fast.The monohydrate of monosodium L-glutamate was purchased from a local grocery store (Accent International, Pet Incorporated, St. Louis MO). The soup was prepared from a special beef consommk base supplied by the Ajinomoto Company (Tokyo, Japan). The composition of the soup base is shown in Table 1. As noted in Table 1, 160 ml of reconstituted soup contained 37 mg of free glutamate, for a mean dose of 4.1 mg/kg body weight. Thus, the true final doses of MSG studied in these infants were 4.1, 29.1 and 54.1 mg/kg body weight.Each infant was assigned by random allocation into one of two equal groups that differed with respect to time of blood sampling. Since only four blood samples were obtained from each infant after dosing, two different sampling schedules were utilized so as to obtain samples during the entire absorptive period. Blood samples at each dose level were obtained from four infants at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min After ingestion of the consommG Blood samples from ...

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“…asociado a un alto nivel plasmático materno (2800 µgmol/L), valor muy superior a la concentración basal (50 µgmol/L). Un nivel plasmático materno entre 2000 y 2500 µgmol/L fue identificado como barrera limitante para la transferencia del GLU materno al feto (Newman et al, 1973).…”

Section: Efectos Fisiológicosunclassified

Aspectos Endocrinos del Glutamato

Áreas¹,

Vieira²

2021

Umami Y Glutamato: Aspectos Químicos, Biológicos Y Tecnológicos

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The administration of monosodium l-glutamate to neonatal and pregnant rhesus monkeys

Cited by 48 publications

References 18 publications

Re‐evaluation of glutamic acid (E 620), sodium glutamate (E 621), potassium glutamate (E 622), calcium glutamate (E 623), ammonium glutamate (E 624) and magnesium glutamate (E 625) as food additives

Re‐evaluation of glutamic acid (E 620), sodium glutamate (E 621), potassium glutamate (E 622), calcium glutamate (E 623), ammonium glutamate (E 624) and magnesium glutamate (E 625) as food additives

Plasma Glutamate Concentrations in 1-Year-Old Infants and Adults Ingesting Monosodium L-Glutamate in Consommé

Aspectos Endocrinos del Glutamato

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