THE ACTION OF T2 BACTERIOPHAGE GHOSTS ON <i>ESCHERICHIA COLI</i> B

French, R. C.; Siminovitch, Louis

doi:10.1139/m55-090

Cited by 64 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…1). Since ghosts have been reported to be adsorbed at the same rate as phage (3,12), this cannot be explained by a difference in adsorption. The effect of ghosts on cells in which the TMG concentration has reached a steady state is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Infection of Escherichia coli by T4 bacteriophage results in inhibition of cellular macromolecular syntheses, multiplication of the phage, and eventual lysis of the cell (4). The addition of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-less protein coat of the phage, a phage ghost, to E. coil also will inhibit and subsequently kill the host bacterium, although the phage ghost cannot, of course, multiply (12,15). In this respect, the action of ghosts seems analogous to the effects of some colicins (18).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Metabolism of T4 Bacteriophage Ghost-Infected Cells: Effect of Bacteriophage and Ghosts on the Uptake of Carbohydrates inEscherichia coliB

Winkler

Duckworth

1971

J Bacteriol

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Ghosts of T4 bacteriophage inhibit the uptake of thiomethyl-j3-galactoside (TMG), a-methylglucoside, glucose-6-phosphate, and glycerol in Escherichia coli B. The transport of orthonitrophenyl-,8-galactoside (ONPG) is also inhibited to a lesser degree and without alteration of the apparent Km of transport. These effects of ghosts parallel those of energy poisons on these systems. However, no one energy poison can produce such pronounced inhibitory effects in all these systems. The effect of the intact phage in these systems was either absent or very slight relative to the ghost. The effect of ghosts on the uptake of TMG was not immediate; at 10 C, no effect of the ghosts was apparent for at least 2 min. This suggests that a step, more temperature dependent than the attachment of the ghost, is necessary for the inhibitory action. The intracellular level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the ghost-infected cells fell to less than 25% of the control value, and the ATP lost from the cell appeared in extracellular medium. Phage, on the other hand, caused no decrease in the intracellular ATP level. This loss of ATP from the cells after ghost infection suggests an alteration of the barrier properties of the membrane so that ATP can leave the cell; however, the accessibility of extracellular ONPG to intracellular ,B-galactosidase does not increase. The dissimilarity of the actions of phage and ghosts on all properties examined does not support the model that the initial events in their infections are identical but that the intact phage, unlike the ghost, can provide information for the repair of its effects.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of T4 Bacteriophage Ghost-Infected Cells: Effect of Bacteriophage and Ghosts on the Uptake of Carbohydrates inEscherichia coliB

Winkler

Duckworth

1971

J Bacteriol

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“…They found that P-galactosidase was not formed by these cells following the addition of the inducer, lactose. French & Siminovitch (1955) also found that this enzyme was not formed following infection with phage ghosts. Sher & Mallette (1954) also were unable to demonstrate the continued formation of the inducible lysine decarboxylase after addition of either phage T2r+ or phage ghosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Inhibition of Enzyme Formation Following Infection of Escherichia coli with phage T2r+

Levin

Burton

1961

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYThe synthesis of aspartate carbamyl transferase (ureidosuccinic synthetase), of dihydroorotic dehydrogenase and of alkaline phosphatase by a uracil-requiring strain of Escherichia coli, when the organisms were suspended in a minimal medium lacking uracil, was followed subsequent to infection of the cells with bacteriophage T2r+ or with ghosts of the bacteriophage particles. The results were compared with the synthesis of these enzymes in uninfected cells. Following infection, the formation of all three enzymes was halted. Supplementation of the medium with casein hydrolysate and tryptophan or with O-OlM-Mg+++ 10-3~-spermine did not prevent the inhibition caused by bacteriophage infection.

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“…Whether analogies should be sought between the effect of the T phages and of A phage on the metabolism of E. coli is, however, doubtful, since there appears to be a t least one fundamental difference between these two types of virus. The phage coats of the T viruses can themselves kill cells (Herriott, 1951;French & Siminovitch, 1955), whereas such a lethal effect has not been demonstrated with phage coats of either wild type or virulent mutants of h (Weigle, quoted by Bertani, 1958).…”

Section: B a Fry And F Grosmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metabolic Activities of Escherichia coli during the Establishment of Lysogeny

Fry

Gros

1959

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARY: Escherichia coti strain K112 was infected with h phage (multiplicity of input 20 particles/cell) in O-O~M-M~SO,, and 91 yo infected cells gave the lysogenic response. When the infected cells were transferred to a complete amino acid medium containing l4C-~~-pheny1alanine and a non-utilizable inducer for /3-galactosidaseY the net synthesis of protein and nucleic acids did not begin until after 100-120 min. During this period there was no induced synthesis of P-galactosidase (though the enzyme was readily developed in uninfected cells) and there was no increase in turbidity of the culture or in viable cell count. The synthesis of protein and nucleic acids began in uninfected cells immediately they were placed in the complete medium, turbidity increased from the start and the viable count after 30 min. This suggested that during lysogenization the infecting phage temporarily halts most if not all of the synthetic activities of the cell and thus forms an environment in which the phage genome can become attached to the bacterial chromosome and establish the prophage state.The biochemical changes which occur after infection in a cell which is to become lysogenic have not been studied before in any detail. Whilst much attention has been given to the biochemical effects of infection of Escherichia coli by the T phages, only a few experiments (cf. Lwoff, 1954-5) have been concerned with the effect of temperate phage on the metabolism of the host cell. The purpose of the present work was to attempt to study what determines the choice between the lytic and the lysogenic response, since the factors controlling this decision are not understood. At least in some bacteria, lysogeny is favoured by a high multiplicity of infection (Boyd, 1951), and after infection, changes in the environment, e.g. changes in temperature (Bertani & Nice, 1954), or the presence of substances which prevent protein synthesis (Lwoff, Kaplan & Ritz, 1954;Christensen, 1957) can alter the type of response. Conditions have been established for infecting virtually all the cells of a suspension of E. coti with h phage, and thus obtaining a population in which more than 90 yo of the infected cells give the lysogenic response. Some of the biochemical activities of these cells were examined and are reported here. A summary of these results has been given previously (Fry & Gros, 1958). METHODSThe organism, Escherichia coli strain K l l 2 , the preparation of washed cell suspensions and stock suspension of phage lambda the composition of nutrient broth, the detection of response of infected cells and the determination of viable counts have been described previously (Fry, 1959).

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THE ACTION OF T2 BACTERIOPHAGE GHOSTS ON ESCHERICHIA COLI B

Cited by 64 publications

References 6 publications

Metabolism of T4 Bacteriophage Ghost-Infected Cells: Effect of Bacteriophage and Ghosts on the Uptake of Carbohydrates inEscherichia coliB

Metabolism of T4 Bacteriophage Ghost-Infected Cells: Effect of Bacteriophage and Ghosts on the Uptake of Carbohydrates inEscherichia coliB

Inhibition of Enzyme Formation Following Infection of Escherichia coli with phage T2r+

The Metabolic Activities of Escherichia coli during the Establishment of Lysogeny

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