The Acrylic Bone Cement in Arthroplasty

Hosseinzadeh, Hamid Reza Seyyed; Emami, Mohammad Mahdi; Lahiji, Farivarabdollahzadeh; Shahi, Ali Sina; Masoudi, Aidin; Emami, Sina

doi:10.5772/53252

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The liquid is 98 wt.% methyl methacrylate with 75 ppm hydroquinone. The remainder is N , N ‐dimethyl‐ p ‐toluidine, which functions as a curing accelerator (Hosseinzadeh et al, ). The solid component contains 67.05 wt.% poly(methyl methacrylate) monomer, 21.10 wt.% methyl methacrylate/styrene copolymer, 1.85 wt.% benzoyl peroxide, and 10 wt.% barium sulfate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the conversion of bone cement and borate bioactive glass composites

et al. 2019

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Borate bioactive glass 13‐93B3 converts into an osteoconductive hydroxyapatite‐like material in a liquid medium. In this study, 13‐93B3 was incorporated into a commercial PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)) bone cement, and the conversion of the glass into a precipitate in solution was investigated with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (spectroscopy)—attenuated total reflection, and micro‐Raman spectroscopy. Glass particles of 5, 33, and 100 μm diameter were each mixed with the PMMA cement to create 20, 30, and 40% glass‐loaded composites. Precipitate formation was found to be a calcium‐deficient apatite partially substituted with magnesium ions that resembles native bone material and would ideally encourage bone growth better than stoichiometric hydroxyapatite. Composites of bone cement and 13‐93B3 show promise as a means of encouraging bone attachment to the surface of the bone cement.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the conversion of bone cement and borate bioactive glass composites

et al. 2019

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“…An understanding of the cement mixing process is critical for the success of the surgical procedure because incomplete or improper mixing may cause premature aseptic loosening, cement fracture, or other fixation disruption . Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)‐based acrylic bone cements are the predominant cement type used in hip and knee arthroplasty due to tissue compatibility, reliable stability when fixed to a prosthesis, and widespread availability . PMMA cement has no intrinsic adhesive properties and instead relies on close mechanical interlocking between irregular bone surface and prosthesis .…”

Section: Bone Cement Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although most commercially available PMMA cements are similar in composition, small differences in types and quantities of powder constituents used between manufacturers and the mixing technique used likely contribute to variable elution characteristics . The bone cement compounding process can be simplified into four phases (Figure ): the mixing phase, waiting phase, working phase, and setting phase . Variability in mixing technique and phase durations depends on institutional capacity and surgeon preference …”

Section: Bone Cement Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antimicrobial‐impregnated polymethylmethacrylate ( PMMA ) cement preparation procedure . During the mixing phase, cement constituents (copolymer cement powder, liquid monomer, additives, and antimicrobials) are combined in an open bowl (A) and mixed with a spatula until uniform (B).…”

Section: Bone Cement Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Premixed commercial cements are also available (Table ), but these products are limited in antimicrobial selection and typically contain lower doses of active ingredient. In addition, the literature has failed to show significant advantages of premixed cements over hand‐prepared products beyond convenience . Until more robust and reproducible AIBC dosing studies are completed to allow for direct comparison, definitive dosing recommendations will remain a limitation.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Dosementioning

confidence: 99%

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Trowels and Tribulations: Review of Antimicrobial‐Impregnated Bone Cements in Prosthetic Joint Surgery

2017

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Antimicrobial-impregnated bone cement (AIBC) is a staple of contemporary orthopedic surgery and has been used to either treat or prevent prosthetic joint infection. Applied intraoperatively during primary arthroplasty or prosthetic joint exchange, this drug-delivery vehicle has become a popular means of maximizing drug concentrations within a joint space while minimizing systemic exposure. Antimicrobial characteristics conducive to cement loading include availability of a crystalline powder formulation, molecular characteristics, minimal impact on cement integrity, and other variables promoting drug elution. Antimicrobials most commonly incorporated into cements are vancomycin and aminoglycosides, usually in combination due to synergistic antibacterial activity and enhanced cement elution. Other classes include the β-lactams, lipopeptides, oxazolidinones, and antifungals. With the exception of several commercially available AIBCs, most products are compounded extemporaneously without a formal safety or efficacy assessment. Few randomized controlled trials have been conducted to assess the benefit or optimal use of these cement preparations, and variable methodology renders cross-study comparison challenging. Given the lack of standardization and multidisciplinary oversight often seen with practical AIBC use, additional data are needed. This review presents information intended to guide AIBC preparation, selection, dosing, and safe use. In addition, opportunities for best practice development, antimicrobial stewardship, and future research are discussed.

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Properties of nanofiller-loaded poly (methyl methacrylate) bone cement composites for orthopedic applications: a review

Lewis

2016

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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There is a large body of literature on new generations of poly (methyl methacrylate) bone cements that address one or more of the material's shortcomings. Among these are cements in which one of the constituents is a nanofiller, such as nano-sized barium sulfate, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, natural nanoclay, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, or oleic acid-capped silver nanoparticles. This article is a review of the literature on the properties of these nanofiller-loaded bone cements (NFLBCs). Some key characteristics of the literature are that (1) in a number of studies, clinically relevant properties were determined, examples being maximum exotherm, setting time, fatigue life, and compressive modulus; (2) in some studies, properties were not determined in accordance with approved bone cement testing specifications, an example being fatigue life; and (3) there are a number of clinically relevant properties that were not determined in any of the studies, examples being fatigue crack propagation rate and dynamic compression creep life. These observations, as well as other considerations, suggest 12 areas for future study, such as determination of dynamic creep compliance (using nanoindentation), determination of compressive fatigue life for cements to be used in vertebral compression fracture augmentation, elucidation of toughening mechanism(s) in each type of NFLBC, and conducting well-designed clinical trials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1260-1284, 2017.

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The Acrylic Bone Cement in Arthroplasty

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

Characterization of the conversion of bone cement and borate bioactive glass composites

Characterization of the conversion of bone cement and borate bioactive glass composites

Trowels and Tribulations: Review of Antimicrobial‐Impregnated Bone Cements in Prosthetic Joint Surgery

Properties of nanofiller-loaded poly (methyl methacrylate) bone cement composites for orthopedic applications: a review

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