The 1883 Paris Convention and the Impossible Unification of Industrial Property

Galvez-Behar, Gabriel

doi:10.1017/9781108654333.003

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…A instituição resolveu adotar as resoluções daquele congresso como base para seus trabalhos, dando início a um projeto voltado à elaboração do texto para uma lei internacional. 55 Todas essas iniciativas estimularam a realização de um novo evento temático de grande porte, como aprofundamento dos debates ocorridos no Prater. A oportunidade foi aberta em 1878, por ocasião da realização de mais uma Exposição Universal em Paris.…”

Section: Breves Considerações Sobre a Apropriação Tecnológica E O Sistema De Patentesunclassified

A Exposição Universal de Viena de 1873 e o Congresso Internacional sobre Patentes

Malavota

Martins

2021

RBHC

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O artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre tecnologia e propriedade na segunda metade do Oitocentos, observando-se a construção de mecanismos de apropriação tecnológica em uma nova etapa do desenvolvimento capitalista. Durante a Exposição Universal de Viena, em 1873, foi promovido o Congresso Internacional sobre Patentes, primeiro evento de grande porte exclusivamente voltado à temática. Os debates ali produzidos tenderam a ratificar as funções cumpridas pelas patentes como ferramentas de proteção, recompensa e incentivo à inovação, defendendo-se a padronização dos conceitos, requisitos e procedimentos adotados de país a país e estimulando-se a adoção de uma legislação internacional unificada.

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Section: Breves Considerações Sobre a Apropriação Tecnológica E O Sistema De Patentesunclassified

A Exposição Universal de Viena de 1873 e o Congresso Internacional sobre Patentes

Malavota

Martins

2021

RBHC

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“…In short, patent laws must aim to promote the technological development of countries, starting from their industrial situation [32]. Particular attention has therefore been paid to the protection of national interests [33], especially by strengthening the obligations of patent holders so that the exploitation of patents takes place within their territory and a real transfer of technology takes place, but always in accordance with the Paris Union Convention of 20 May 1883, the text of which was revised in Stockholm on 14 July 1967 [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of Agricultural and Biological Sciences Research to Patents: The Case of EU-27

2021

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Agriculture as an economic activity and agronomy as a science must provide food for a constantly growing population. Research in this field is therefore becoming increasingly essential. Much of the research is carried out in academic institutions and then developed in the private sector. Patents do not have to be issued through scientific institutions. Patents from scientific institutions are intended to have a certain economic return on the investment made in research when the patent is transferred to industry. A bibliometric analysis was carried out using the Scopus and SciVal databases. This study analyses all the research carried out in the field of agronomy and related sciences (Agricultural and Biological Sciences category of Scopus database) by EU-27 countries, which has been cited in at least one international patent. The data show that out of about 1 million published works only about 28,000 have been used as a source of patents. This study highlights the main countries and institutions in terms of this transfer. Among these, Germany, France and Spain stand out in absolute terms, but considering the degree of specialization. Regarding their specialization the institution ranking is led by Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (58%), AgroParisTech (52%), Wageningen University & Research (48%), and INRAE (38%). It also analyses which journals used for this transfer are most important. For these publications more than 90% of the articles have had a higher-than-expected citation level for the year of publication, the type of publication and the discipline in which they are categorized. The most-obtained research fields can be distinguished as those related to genetics or mo-lecular biology, those related to specific foods, such as cheeses, milk, breads or oils, and, thirdly, the group covering food-related constituents such as caseins, probiotics, glutens, or starch.

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International Patent Law and the Pharmaceutical Industry

2021

Compulsory Patent Licensing and Access to Medicines: A Silver Bullet Approach to Public Health?

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Geniuses, just as the stars, must shine without pay. 2 IntroductionThese two sayings are the accurate reflections of differing views about the patent system in the nineteenth century. The creation of TRIPS in 1995 which expanded patentability to medicines, has added fuel to such discussions. The purpose of this chapter is to therefore survey the global patent system pre-and post-TRIPS, to examine the key characteristics of the pharmaceutical industry, and to highlight the benefits and disbenefits associated with patent innovation. As outlined in Chapter 1, the launch of TRIPS had dramatically reformed the international IP-norm setting, this chapter will go into details of such reformation.Although this chapter chiefly focuses on TRIPS, it is equally necessary to consider the situation beforehand, mainly the Paris Convention, to evaluate the important changes brought about by the landmark 1995 Agreement. This historical aspect is also essential to comprehend the emergence and evolution of the political economy of pharmaceutical patents. The linkage between trade and IP rights which was non-existent

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The 1883 Paris Convention and the Impossible Unification of Industrial Property

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

A Exposição Universal de Viena de 1873 e o Congresso Internacional sobre Patentes

A Exposição Universal de Viena de 1873 e o Congresso Internacional sobre Patentes

Transfer of Agricultural and Biological Sciences Research to Patents: The Case of EU-27

International Patent Law and the Pharmaceutical Industry

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