Textbook of Physiology and Biochemistry

Bell, G. H.; Davidson, J. Norman; Scarborough, Harold

doi:10.1097/00007611-195109000-00036

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…2a) and, on a dose per weight basis, are consistent with previously published data in rat [91,26], dog [29] and man [92]. This was in contrast to the insulin decapeptide and its cholyl conjugate which, even at 500 times the standard insulin molar dose, showed no evidence of biological activity (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Investigations into the absorption of insulin and insulin derivatives from the small intestine of the anaesthetised rat

McGinn¹,

Morrison

2016

Journal of Controlled Release

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Investigations into the absorption of insulin and insulin derivatives from the small intestine of the anaesthetised rat. Journal of Controlled Release, 232, pp. 120-130. (doi:10.1016Release, 232, pp. 120-130. (doi:10. /j.jconrel.2016 This is the author's final accepted version.There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it.http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/120651/ ABSTRACTExperiments have been undertaken to determine the extent to which cholic acid conjugates of insulin were absorbed from the small intestine of anaesthetised rats by means of the bile salt transporters of the ileum. The measure used to assess the absorption of the cholyl-insulins was the amount of hypoglycaemia following infusion into the small intestine. Control experiments involving infusion of natural insulin into the ileum showed either nil absorption or absorption of a small amount of insulin as indicated by transient dip in the blood glucose concentration. However, when insulin was co-infused with the bile salt taurocholate, this was followed by a marked hypoglycaemic response which was specific to the ileum and did not occur on infusion into the jejunum. When the two cholyl conjugates of insulin were tested viz. B 29 -Lys-cholyl-insulin and B 1 -Phe-cholyl-insulin, both were biologically active as indicated by hypoglycaemic responses on systemic injection, though their potency was about 40% of that of natural insulin. While there was no evidence for the absorption of B 29 -Lys-cholyl-insulin when infused into the ileum, B 1 -Phe-cholyl-insulin did cause a long lasting hypoglycaemic response, indicating that absorption had occurred. Since the hypoglycaemic response was blocked on co-infusion with taurocholate and was absent for infusion of the conjugate into the jejunum, these results were taken as evidence that B 1 -Phe-cholyl-insulin had been taken up by the ileal bile salt transporters. This would indicate that B 1 -Phe-cholyl-insulin is worthy of further investigation for use in an oral insulin formulation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Investigations into the absorption of insulin and insulin derivatives from the small intestine of the anaesthetised rat

McGinn¹,

Morrison

2016

Journal of Controlled Release

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“…The elevated CREAT concentrations in water-restricted birds relative to birds on ad libitum water in both strains could be attributed to muscle wasting and increased CREAT phosphate catabolism during periods of water insufficiency (Bell et al, 1972). The observation that OVB chickens had higher CREAT concentration than NNK at the most severe water restriction level can be attributed to greater protein catabolism for metabolic water production as an adaptive attribute during periods of water insufficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Haematological and serum biochemical responses of chickens to hydric stress

Chikumba

Swatson²,

Chimonyo

2013

Animal

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Dehydration can be extremely damaging to the performance and welfare of indigenous chickens. The effect of water restriction on haematological and biochemical parameters was compared in Naked Neck (NNK) and Ovambo (OVB) chickens. A total of 54 8-week-old pullets each of NNK and OVB chickens with an initial average weight of 641 6 10 g/bird were randomly assigned to three water intake treatments with three replications, each having six birds. The water restriction treatments were ad libitum, 70% and 40% of ad libitum intake. Nine experimental pens with a floor space of 3.3 m 2 per strain were used. Feed was provided ad libitum. Packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte count (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and total leucocyte count (WBC), and biochemical parameters (uric acid (UA)), creatinine (CREAT), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLOB), triglyceride (TGA), total cholesterol (TC), high-(HDLC) and low-(LDLC) density lipoprotein cholesterol and activity of alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were determined from blood collected after 60 days of water restriction. PCV was higher (P , 0.05) in NNK than OVB chickens offered water ad libitum, but similar in birds offered 70% and 40% of ad libitum. There were no differences in RBC and MCV values between strains, but MCV was higher in birds on 40% than 70% of ad libitum water intake, irrespective of strain. Naked neck chickens had higher (P , 0.05) WBC values than OVB at 40% restriction level, but lower WBC than OVB at 70% water restriction level. UA, CREAT, TGA, TC, LDLC, TP and GLOB increased (P , 0.05) with each increment in water restriction, but the increase in CREAT and TC was more pronounced in OVB than NNK chickens. The opposite was observed for UA. ALT activity indicated that liver function was not affected by water restriction. It was concluded that the two strains can withstand up to 40% of ad libitum water restriction, but NNK tolerated water stress better than OVB chickens.

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“…Similar findings indicating breed variation in plasma K concentration in Sudanese indigenous chickens have been reported by Abdelrahim Ahmed (19). K is essential for many important functions, such as osmotic, acid-base, and water balance, and is also involved in different enzymatic actions; a balance is necessary between K, Na, Ca, and Mg. With an increase in the pH of the body fluids, K concentration and alkalinity in the cells increase, resulting in more alkalinity in the urine (30,31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of different body weight categories on plasma macromineral levels in four close-bred flocks of adult Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Jatoi¹,

Sahota²,

Akram³

et al. 2015

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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The present study was conducted to investigate plasma macrominerals (Ca, P, Na, K, and Mg) in adult male and female quails according to different body weights in four close-bred flocks of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) maintained at the Avian Research and Training Center of the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. The results showed that mean plasma Na concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) different in female quails with respect to body size categories. The interaction between flocks and body size for plasma Ca levels was significant (P < 0.05) in both sexes of quails, whereas plasma Na was significant (P < 0.05) in female quails. The mean plasma P and K levels in imported and local flocks of Japanese quails were significantly (P < 0.05) different in female quails, whereas plasma Mg was significantly (P < 0.05) different in male quails. However, with respect to body size categories, plasma P, K, and Mg were significantly (P < 0.05) different in female quails only. The interaction between flocks and body size was significant for K and P in female quails and for plasma Mg levels in both sexes of quails.

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Textbook of Physiology and Biochemistry

Abstract: POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL November I953 problem and to the trainee, but those engaged particularly in thoracic surgery will also find a great deal to entertain and sometimes instruct them. M.M.B.

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Investigations into the absorption of insulin and insulin derivatives from the small intestine of the anaesthetised rat

Investigations into the absorption of insulin and insulin derivatives from the small intestine of the anaesthetised rat

Haematological and serum biochemical responses of chickens to hydric stress

The effect of different body weight categories on plasma macromineral levels in four close-bred flocks of adult Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

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