Testing the viability of fungal sclerotia

Coley‐Smith, J. R.; Javed, Zoya

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1970.tb04562.x

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…), respectively. Previous reports on the survival of sclerotia have cited 15 months for B. tulipae (Coley-Smith & Javed, 1970;Coley-Smith & Cooke, 1971;Javed, 1977), and 5-9 months for B. cinerea (Thomas et al, 1983), but we have not found any prior reports on the survival characteristics of sclerotia from fungi resistant to fungicides. In addition, many previous studies on sclerotia] survival have involved just one or two isolates per species (Coley-Smith, 1960;Coley-Smith & Javed, 1970;Javed, 1977;Coley-Smith t-r fl/., 1979).…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Production and viability of sclerotia from fungicide‐resistant and fungicide‐sensitive isolates of Botrytis cinerea, B. elliptica and B, tulipae

Hsiang

Chastagner

1992

Plant Pathology

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Production of sclerotia by isolates of three Botrytis spp. differing in resistance to benzimidazole and dicarboximide fungicides was compared in vitro. Sensitive isolates of B. cinerea and B. tulipae produced fewer sclerotia than benzimidazole‐resistant isolates, but there were no differences in the size of sclerotia within each species. For B. elliptica, sclerotia of dicarboximide‐resistant isolates were larger and less numerous than those of sensitive isolates. Sclerotia from fungicide‐resistant and ‐sensitive isolates of B. elliptica. B. tulipae and B. cinerea were produced in vitro, placed in nylon bags, set in loam soil at soil depths of 0, 10 and 20 cm, and recovered periodically after 1‐18 months. Sclerotial viability declined during the 18 months, and was lowest at the soil surface for sclerotia of B. cinerea and B. tulipae. For B. elliptica, sclerotial viability of fungicide‐sensitive isolates was reduced to 50% after 18 months, compared to 21 % for dicarboximide‐resistant isolates, when averaged over all depths. Sensitive isolates of B. tulipae maintained a trend of higher viability than benzimidazole‐resistant ones, and fungicide‐sensitive isolates showed greater viability at 18 months (49%) than did benzimidazole‐resistant ones (27%). No differences in sclerotial viability were apparent between the fungicide‐resistant and ‐sensitive isolates of B. cinerea, with an average viability of 77% after 18 months. After 18 months of field exposure, all isolates retained their original fungicide‐resistance groupings, indicating the persistence of fungicide resistance in sclerotia.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Production and viability of sclerotia from fungicide‐resistant and fungicide‐sensitive isolates of Botrytis cinerea, B. elliptica and B, tulipae

Hsiang

Chastagner

1992

Plant Pathology

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“…The methods used were mainly those of Coley-Smith and Javed (1970). Sclerotia of R. tuliparum isolate J53 (Gladders and Coley-Smith, 1978) were scraped from four-week-old cultures on Oxoid malt extract agar (20°C in darkness), washed in running tap water and then placed, together with a small quantity of sand, in bags of nylon fabric (50 sclerotia per bag).…”

Section: Plate IV Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At intervals of one to three years they were dug up and their contents examined. The viability of sclerotia was measured by surface-sterilising them in the filtrate from a suspension of calcium hypochlorite in water (40/100, w/v) and then placing them individually on spots of Oxoid malt extract agar containing 1000 /xg streptomycin sulphate and 250 /ag chloramphenicol per ml (Coley-Smith and Javed, 1970).…”

Section: Plate IV Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term survival of sclerotia of Rhizoctonia tuliparum

Coley‐Smith¹,

Humphreys-Jones²,

Gladders

1979

Plant Pathology

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SUMMARY In 1974 a severe outbreak of grey bulb rot (Rhizoctonia tuliparum Whetzel & Arthur) occurred on tulips in Lincolnshire in a field not planted with a highly susceptible crop for six years. A long‐term experiment on the survival of R. tuliparum showed that about 10 per cent of sclerotia can remain viable for at least 10 years. Where severe outbreaks of disease have occurred, longer intervals between susceptible crops are suggested.

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“…Sclerotia of S. cepivorum. S. gladioli and 5. minor were produced in pure cultures in mixtures of maizemeal with sand (Coley- Smith & Javed. 1970) or of maizemeal with perlite (Esler & Coley-Smith.…”

Section: Production Of Sclerotiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Material from IM-fim (S. cepivorum) or 80-//m (S, gladioli) mesh sieves was washed into petri dishes from which the sclerotia were removed individually with fine forceps. The sclerotia recovered were then tested for viability by surface-sterilizing them for 3-5 min (S. cepivorum) or 1 min (S. gladioli) in hypochlorite (IOg/1 available chlorine), rinsing them briefly in sterile distilled water, crushing them with sterile forceps, and then placing them individually onto droplets of PDA or Oxoid malt extract agar (MEA) containing 100 //g/ml of chloramphenicol and streptomycin sulphate (Coley-Smith & Javed. 1970;Coley-Smith, 1985).…”

Section: Recovery Of Sclerotiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term survival of sclerotia of Sclerotium cepivorum and Stromatinia gladioli

1990

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In an experiment with pure‐culture sclerotia of Sclerotium cepivorum and Stromatinia gladioli a large proportion of the sclerotia survived burial for 20 years in the field in the absence of host plants. Some evidence for metabolic activity or leakage leading to the gradual erosion of the sclerotial contents was obtained with S. cepivorum. The results of other experiments suggested that, for unknown reasons, a variable proportion of sclerotia formed naturally on infected plants may decay shortly after their formation, but those which survive beyond this limited period are likely to remain viable for many years. The viability of sclerotia was also reduced by prolonged flooding, but the period for which land would have to be under water excludes this as a method of eliminating sclerotia from infested land in the UK. Treatment with the mycoparasite Teratosperma oligocladum did not affect the survival or infectivity of sclerotia of S. cepivorum or S. gladioli.

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Testing the viability of fungal sclerotia

Cited by 19 publications

References 3 publications

Production and viability of sclerotia from fungicide‐resistant and fungicide‐sensitive isolates of Botrytis cinerea, B. elliptica and B, tulipae

Production and viability of sclerotia from fungicide‐resistant and fungicide‐sensitive isolates of Botrytis cinerea, B. elliptica and B, tulipae

Long‐term survival of sclerotia of Rhizoctonia tuliparum

Long‐term survival of sclerotia of Sclerotium cepivorum and Stromatinia gladioli

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