Testing the cognitive content-specificity hypothesis with anxious and depressed youngsters.

Laurent, Jeff; Stark, Kevin D.

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.102.2.226

Cited by 67 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In both sets of disorders, there appears to be a negative bias in information processing. Anxious children tend to have higher rates of negative self-statements and cognition as compared to normal controls [Chansky and Kendall, 1997;Laurent and Stark, 1993;Treadwell and Kendall, 1996]. They attributed negative outcomes to internal, global, stable causes [Bell-Dolan and Wessler, 1994].…”

Section: Phenomenologymentioning

confidence: 96%

Relation between anxiety and depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence

2001

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Current research indicates that there is a strong relationship between pediatric anxiety disorders and depression. Assessment measures show high rates of correlation between depression and anxiety and much of the overlap may be related to a common domain of negative affectivity. Anxious youth and depressed youth share a cognitive style marked by a negative bias in information processing. Anxiety disorders and depression are frequently comorbid in children and adolescents. About 25-50% of depressed youth have comorbid anxiety disorders and about 10-15% of anxious youth have depression. Twin and family studies have demonstrated that pediatric anxiety disorders and depression likely share some common genetic factors or influences. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive-behavioral therapy have been shown in randomized controlled trials to be efficacious for both pediatric depression and anxiety disorders. Integrating the treatment literature with studies of phenomenology, biology and genetics indicates that pediatric anxiety disorders and depression may share a genetically determined neurobiological component that could involve neural circuits that include or are modulated by serotonergic neurons. This component could contribute to the negative affective temperament that appears to be common in both pediatric depression and anxiety disorders.

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Section: Phenomenologymentioning

confidence: 96%

Relation between anxiety and depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence

2001

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“…Depressed youth (mean age = 11.75) tend to report fewer positive cognitions relating to themselves, their world and future (Laurent & Stark, 1993). One means to capture depressive cognitive style is to measure global outcome expectancies, which are general beliefs about the life outcomes one is likely to experience.…”

Section: Cognitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specificity in Personality and Cognitive Factors Associated with Drinking and Depressive Symptoms

Anderson

Smith

2006

Cogn Ther Res

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The purpose of this investigation was to demonstrate whether personality and cognitive factors associated with depression and drinking were behavior-specific or general to problem behavior in youth. High school students aged 14-18 completed measures of trait disinhibition, trait inhibition, alcohol expectancies, and generalized outcome expectancies. Linear regression determined the relative contribution of each set of personality and cognitive variables in predicting drinking symptoms and symptoms of depression in youth. In the case of depression, depression factors, particularly cognitive factors, predicted 42% of the variance above and beyond background and alcohol variables. In the case of drinking, drinking risk factors predicted 42% of the variance in drinking symptoms above and beyond demographic variables and variables associated with depression. Despite small cross over in prediction (e.g., alcohol variables accounting for 4% unique variance in depression), personality and cognitive factors associated with drinking and depression were largely specific in this adolescent sample.

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“…Depression is highly correlated with both anxiety disorders and disruptive behaviour disorders (Birmaher et al, 1998). Although Beck stated that each psychological disorder has a distinct cognitive profi le (Clark et al, 1999), research in children and adolescents, mainly comparing anxious with depressed youth, has produced mixed results on specifi city of cognitive content (Epkins, 1996;Gencoz et al, 2001;Laurent & Stark, 1993).…”

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confidence: 97%

Cognitive biases in depressed and non‐depressed referred youth

Timbremont

Braet

Bosmans

et al. 2008

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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This study examined cognitive vulnerability in both depressed and non-depressed referred youngsters. Formerly depressed (FD) children and adolescents (n = 16) were compared to a currently depressed (CD) group (n = 18) on a self-referent encoding and memory task imbedded in a mood induction paradigm. In order to test the specificity of the findings to depression, the results of the FD were further compared with those of a clinical but never depressed (ND) group (n = 39) diagnosed with anxiety and/or disruptive behaviour disorders. The study confirmed the hypothesized differences between the groups in terms of self-referent encoding bias. Both the ND (p < 0.001) and FD (p < 0.001) group rated more positive words than negative words as self-descriptive while the CD endorsed a closer balance of positive and negative words (non-significant difference). No interaction effect was found for the recall task. The FD group evinced a similar memory bias than the CD group. However, also in the ND group, the number of proportional recalled positive words did not differ from the proportional recalled negative words. The findings yielded no evidence for a depression-specific information-processing bias. However, all subjects (FD, CD as well as ND) exhibited a memory bias and therefore 'clinical status' is considered as a cognitive vulnerability risk factor for developing a depressive disorder in the future.

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Testing the cognitive content-specificity hypothesis with anxious and depressed youngsters.

Cited by 67 publications

References 66 publications

Relation between anxiety and depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence

Relation between anxiety and depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence

Specificity in Personality and Cognitive Factors Associated with Drinking and Depressive Symptoms

Cognitive biases in depressed and non‐depressed referred youth

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