Relation between anxiety and depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence

Axelson, David; Birmaher, Boris

doi:10.1002/da.1048

Cited by 269 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…n ¼ 11, 13-cis-RA-treated mice and n ¼ 12, control mice. Axelson and Birmaher, 2001). Also, in mice, anxiety may be one factor that contributes to susceptibility to depressionrelated behaviors (Ducottet and Belzung, 2005).…”

Section: Chronic Administration Of 13-cis-ra Has No Effect On Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Administration of 13-Cis-Retinoic Acid Increases Depression-Related Behavior in Mice

O’Reilly

Shumake

González-Lima

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Retinoid signaling plays a well-established role in neuronal differentiation, neurite outgrowth, and the patterning of the anteroposterior axis of the developing neural tube. However, there is increasing evidence that nutritional vitamin A status and retinoid signaling play an important role in the function of the adult brain. 13-Cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) (isotretinoin or Accutane), a synthetic retinoid that is an effective oral treatment for severe nodular acne, has been linked with depression and suicide in patients. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that chronic administration of 13-cis-RA would lead to depression-related behaviors in mice. Young, adult male mice received 13-cis-RA (1 mg/kg) by daily intraperitoneal injection for 6 weeks. This treatment paradigm produced plasma levels of 13-cis-RA that are comparable to those reported in human patients taking Accutane. In both the forced swim test and the tail suspension test, we found that 13-cis-RA-treated mice spent significantly more time immobile compared to vehicle-treated controls. In the open field test, there was no change in anxiety-related behavior in 13-cis-RA-treated mice. Furthermore, chronic administration of 13-cis-RA did not impair locomotion in either the open field or the rotarod test. Taken together, these results suggest that administration of 13-cis-RA increases depression-related behaviors in mice.

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Section: Chronic Administration Of 13-cis-ra Has No Effect On Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Administration of 13-Cis-Retinoic Acid Increases Depression-Related Behavior in Mice

O’Reilly

Shumake

González-Lima

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Likewise, diagnosis-based generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder are found to have high levels of comorbidity [5,6]. In fact, it has been argued that anxiety and depression both essentially measure negative affectivity [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Early Adolescence: A Multitrait-Multimethod Factor Analytic Approach

Karevold¹

2017

Acta Psychopathol

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Purpose: The overall aim was to examine the construct validity of parent-and selfreported symptoms of anxiety and depression in a Norwegian population-based sample of 12-13 year old adolescents (N=594). Methods:A Multitrait-Multimethod (MTMM) design with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to differentiate reported variance into trait, method and unique variance, and to determine the validity of the measures in question. Results:The results demonstrated good structural validity and measurement invariance between mother-and child-reported scales, with relatively high mother-child agreement. Latent factors of anxiety and depression were correlated highly, but were not completely overlapping constructs. ThThe Thee MTMM analysis showed high levels of trait variance in all measures.Conclusions: Short symptom scales can be useful tools for examining adolescent anxiety and depression. The impact and importance of structural validity, measurement invariance and using multiple informants in the assessment of adolescent anxiety and depression symptoms are underscored.

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“…Since anxiety and depression often co-occur, it is doubted if the two represent distinct constructs (Angold et al, 1999;Axelson and Birmaher, 2001;Essau et al, 2000;Goodwin, 2002;Kessler et al, 1999;Stein et al, 2001). In an attempt to improve the taxonomy of anxiety and depression, Clark and Watson introduced the tripartite model (Clark and Watson, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the tripartite model in young adolescents: Is hyperarousal specific for anxiety and not depression?

Greaves‐Lord¹,

Ferdinand²,

Sondeijker³

et al. 2007

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Background: To clarify the distinction between anxiety and depression, the tripartite model was introduced. According to this model, physiological hyperarousal (PH, i.e. autonomic hyperactivity) is specific for anxiety and not depression. Research on the relation between anxiety, depression and physiological measures representing arousal is lacking. Methods: Parent-and self-reported anxiety and depressive problems were assessed using the CBCL and RCADS. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability in the low frequency (HRV LF) and respiratory sinus arrythmia (RSA) were used as indices for autonomic arousal. Results: Parent-reported anxiety was associated with low RSA in supine posture. This association was also found for self-reported anxiety problems, but only in boys. These findings point towards high arousal in anxiety. Self-reported depressive problems were associated with low HRV LF in standing posture and high RSA in supine posture in boys, pointing towards low arousal in depression. However, self-reported depressive problems were also associated with high HR in standing posture and with low HRV LF in supine posture in girls, suggesting high arousal in depression. Limitations: Although HRV LF in standing posture is primarily sympathetically mediated, and HRV LF in supine posture is primarily vagally mediated, the association between HRV LF and sympathetic versus vagal function is not exclusive. Thus, HRV LF measures are merely approaches of high or low arousal. Conclusions: Some evidence was found for hyperarousal in anxiety, but also for hyperarousal in depression. Apparently, the idea of hyperarousal in anxiety and not in depression is too simple to reflect the more complex reality.

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Relation between anxiety and depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence

Cited by 269 publications

References 116 publications

Chronic Administration of 13-Cis-Retinoic Acid Increases Depression-Related Behavior in Mice

Chronic Administration of 13-Cis-Retinoic Acid Increases Depression-Related Behavior in Mice

Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Early Adolescence: A Multitrait-Multimethod Factor Analytic Approach

Testing the tripartite model in young adolescents: Is hyperarousal specific for anxiety and not depression?

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