Testicular morphology and antispermatogenic effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in male West African Dwarf (WAD) goats

Obidike, Ikechukwu Reginald; Aka, Lawrence Okonkwo; Omoja, Valentine Uneojo; Shoyinka, S. V. O.; Kamalu, T.N.; Anika, S. M.

doi:10.1007/s00580-011-1314-4

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A reduction in the number of Sertoli cells, with vascular alterations of the intertubular stroma, was present in all treated groups, characterizing lower reproduction rates. Thus, exposure to 2,4-D negatively affected sperm counts of individuals, which might cause sperm dysfunction in humans and other species exposed to this toxic compound when applied to agricultural crops (Obidike et al 2012). However, epidemiological data reported in some studies do not provide sufficient evidence that the herbicide is toxic to human sperm cells (Burns and Swaen 2012).…”

Section: Toxicity Of 24-d To Different Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide 2,4-D: A Review of Toxicity on Non-Target Organisms

Marcato

Souza

Fontanetti

2017

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The intensive use of pesticides has increased exponentially in Brazil and worldwide due to the need to meet the food demands of a growing population. If the management/monitoring of the use of pesticides is adequately performed, it would not compromise the expected benefits or have negative effects on the environment as a whole. In order to examine the information available on herbicide use in Brazil and worldwide, this paper presents a review of the herbicide 2,4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and its chemical properties, action on target organisms, environmental fate, and toxicity to non-target organisms. This herbicide is a synthetic auxin used to control broad-leaved weeds, and the action in target organisms is well known. Although 2,4-D has been widely used worldwide, many studies have shown that this herbicide induces alterations in non-target organisms. Therefore, ecotoxicology studies are important to assess the risk the herbicides can be to different ecosystems. Thus, it is advised to use this herbicide and other pesticides with caution.

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Section: Toxicity Of 24-d To Different Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide 2,4-D: A Review of Toxicity on Non-Target Organisms

Marcato

Souza

Fontanetti

2017

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The homogenate was filtered using nylon mesh sieve, and 20-µL aliquot of the filtrate was used to charge the improved Neubauer chamber for the appropriate counting of the number of sperm/milliliter of tissue sample. [16][17][18] Histopathotology Tissue sections were taken from both lobes of the thyroid gland as well as from the liver. The tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 48 hours, after which they were routinely processed, sectioned with microtome, and stained using hematoxylin-eosin.…”

Section: Epididymal Sperm Countmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Prolonged Treatment With Co-trimoxazole on the Thyroid Gland, Liver, and Epididymal Sperm Reserve in Dogs

Anyogu

Shoyinka

Ihedioha

2017

Clin Med�Insights�Pathol

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Co-trimoxazole is an antimicrobial drug gotten from potentiation of sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim. It is widely used for the treatment of bacterial and protozoan infections in humans. It is also used in veterinary clinics against susceptible microorganisms, but thyroid dysfunction has raised concern especially in dogs. This study aimed to determine the effects of prolonged treatment with co-trimoxazole in euthyroid dogs. Dogs were given co-trimoxazole at 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg body weight at 12-hour intervals for 21 days. Standard procedures were used to assay total T4 and T3, thyrotropin, testosterone, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase in serum. The thyroid gland and testes were weighed. In addition, thyroid and liver were examined histologically. Epididymal sperm count was also performed. Co-trimoxazole caused dose-dependent depression of serum thyroxine levels with severe colloid depletion, intrafollicular hemorrhage, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy of the follicular cells. The liver showed vacuolar hepatopathy. Epididymal sperm count was low in the 120 mg/kg–treated group. The study revealed that thyroid hemorrhage and lowered epididymal sperm reserve were new findings in co-trimoxazole toxicity in dogs.

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“…Ingestion, skin contact and inhalation are the three main pathways of human exposure to 2,4-D herbicides [ 3 ]. The overuse of 2,4-D by both the farmers and the manufacturers in the tropics has greatly damaged the health of the local ecosystem because it is deleterious to both terrestrial and aquatic living organisms [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in rat serum for pharmacokinetic studies with a simple HPLC method

et al. 2018

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2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a chlorophenoxy herbicide used worldwide. We describe a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with UV detection for the determination of 2,4-D in female and male rat serum. This allows to observe the change of serum 2,4-D concentration in rats with time and its pharmacokinetics characteristics with a simple, rapid, optimized and validated method. The serum samples are pretreated and introduced into the HPLC system. The analytes are separated in a XDB-C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile (solvent A) and 0.02 M ammonium acetate (containing 0.1% formic acid) (solvent B) using a gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The wavelength for UV detection was set at 230 nm. Calibration curve for 2,4-D was constructed over a range of 0.1–400 mg/L. The method was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetics of 2,4-D in rats in this study. After oral administration of 300 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg 2,4-D, the mean Cmax values were 601.9 and 218.4 mg/L, the AUC0→∞ values were 23,722 and 4,127 mg×h/L and the clearance (Cl) were 1.10 and 0.02 L/(h×kg), respectively. The developed method was found to be specific, precise, reproducible and rapid.

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Testicular morphology and antispermatogenic effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in male West African Dwarf (WAD) goats

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Herbicide 2,4-D: A Review of Toxicity on Non-Target Organisms

Herbicide 2,4-D: A Review of Toxicity on Non-Target Organisms

Effects of Prolonged Treatment With Co-trimoxazole on the Thyroid Gland, Liver, and Epididymal Sperm Reserve in Dogs

Determination of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in rat serum for pharmacokinetic studies with a simple HPLC method

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