Testicular Damage from Anabolic Treatments with the β2-Adrenergic Agonist Clenbuterol in Pigs: A Light and Electron Microscope Study

Blanco, Alfonso; Flores-acuña, F.; Roldán-Villalobos, R; Monterde, J. G.

doi:10.1053/tvjl.2001.0693

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In addition, clenbuterol ingested directly or via contaminated meat from treated animals can be toxic and can lead to a variety of symptoms in humans, including tachycardia, myocardial infarction, distal tremors, hyperglycemia, among other possible symptoms (Brambilla et al, 2000;Hoffman et al, 2001;Kierzkowska et al, 2005). Clenbuterol treatment has been associated with testicular damage (Blanco et al, 2002) and thymocyte apoptosis, which can suppress immune function (Blanco et al, 2003). Clenbuterol treatment can also impact cardiac function in a negative way at low doses (Burniston et al, 2002;Sleeper et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β2 adrenergic agonist, clenbuterol, enhances working memory performance in aging animals

Ramos

Colgan

Nou

et al. 2008

Neurobiology of Aging

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Previous studies using a mixed β1 and β2 adrenergic antagonist, propanolol, have indicated that β adrenoceptors have little effect on the cognitive functioning of the prefrontal cortex. However, recent studies have suggested that endogenous stimulation of β1 adrenoceptors impairs working memory in both rats and monkeys. Since propanolol has no effect on cognition, we hypothesized that activation of β2 adrenoceptors might improve performance in a working memory task. We tested this hypothesis by observing the effects of the β2 agonist, clenbuterol, on spatial working memory performance. Clenbuterol was either infused directly into the prefrontal cortex (rats) or administered systemically (monkeys). Results demonstrated that clenbuterol improved performance in many young and aged rats and monkeys who performed poorly under control conditions. Actions at β2 adrenoceptors were confirmed by challenging the clenbuterol response with the β2 adrenergic antagonist, ICI 118,551. The effects of clenbuterol were not universal and depended on the cognitive status of the animal: the drug moderately improved only a subset of animals with working memory impairment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β2 adrenergic agonist, clenbuterol, enhances working memory performance in aging animals

Ramos

Colgan

Nou

et al. 2008

Neurobiology of Aging

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“…The presence of apoptotic germ cells is supported by Blanco et al (2002) finding that has described apoptosis in hamster testis following treatment with anabolic androgenic steroids [42]. Spermatogenesis is a complex and dynamic process that results in the continual production of spermatozoa in mammals.…”

Section: Pathological Changes Of Testes Ultrastructurementioning

confidence: 93%

Transmission Electron Microscopy for the Quantitative Analysis of Testis Ultra Structure

Shokri¹,

Hemadi²,

Aitken³

2012

The Transmission Electron Microscope

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“…The use of clenbuterol in meat production or in the treatment of muscle wasting conditions, however, has been impaired by reports of possible side effects. Pigs treated with anabolic doses of clenbuterol showed immunosuppressive effects, with raised T-cell apoptotic index (Blanco et al, 2003) and testicular degeneration (Blanco et al, 2002). In the pig, the hypertrophic effect of clenbuterol on muscle was short-lived after drug withdrawal, which could render its use ineffective in the growth promotion of food animals .…”

Section: Fibre Size: Mediators Of Muscle Hypertrophy/atrophymentioning

confidence: 99%

Key signalling factors and pathways in the molecular determination of skeletal muscle phenotype

Chang

2007

Animal

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The molecular basis and control of the biochemical and biophysical properties of skeletal muscle, regarded as muscle phenotype, are examined in terms of fibre number, fibre size and fibre types. A host of external factors or stimuli, such as ligand binding and contractile activity, are transduced in muscle into signalling pathways that lead to protein modifications and changes in gene expression which ultimately result in the establishment of the specified phenotype. In skeletal muscle, the key signalling cascades include the Ras-extracellular signal regulated kinase-mitogen activated protein kinase (Erk-MAPK), the phosphatidylinositol 3 0 -kinase (PI3K)-Akt1, p38 MAPK, and calcineurin pathways. The molecular effects of external factors on these pathways revealed complex interactions and functional overlap. A major challenge in the manipulation of muscle of farm animals lies in the identification of regulatory and target genes that could effect defined and desirable changes in muscle quality and quantity. To this end, recent advances in functional genomics that involve the use of micro-array technology and proteomics are increasingly breaking new ground in furthering our understanding of the molecular determinants of muscle phenotype.

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Testicular Damage from Anabolic Treatments with the β2-Adrenergic Agonist Clenbuterol in Pigs: A Light and Electron Microscope Study

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

β2 adrenergic agonist, clenbuterol, enhances working memory performance in aging animals

β2 adrenergic agonist, clenbuterol, enhances working memory performance in aging animals

Transmission Electron Microscopy for the Quantitative Analysis of Testis Ultra Structure

Key signalling factors and pathways in the molecular determination of skeletal muscle phenotype

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