Test results of a medium temperature solar engine

Angelino, G.; Gaia, M.; Macchi, Ennio; Barutti, A.; Macciò, C.; Tomei, G.

doi:10.1080/01430750.1982.9675838

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…An example of the application of these investigations is documented in a study presented by Bado and colleagues, a 35 kW e perfluorocarbon (C 8 F 16 ) unit providing a net electric conversion efficiency of 19% at condensing and collectors cooling loop exit temperature equal to 40 and 300 C [67]. Such unit was subsequently built and tested, and a net efficiency of 17% was recorded at a TIT of approximately 270 C [68,69]. In this first prototype, a four-stage axial turbine running at 6000 rpm was coupled to a 3000 rpm generator through a gear.…”

Section: -4 / Vol 137 October 2015mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems: From the Concept to Current Technology, Applications, and an Outlook to the Future

Colonna

Casati

Trapp

et al. 2015

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

314

190

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The cumulative global capacity of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power systems for the conversion of renewable and waste thermal energy is undergoing a rapid growth and is estimated to be approx. 2000 MW e considering only installations that went into operation after 1995. The potential for the conversion of the thermal power coming from liquiddominated geothermal reservoirs, waste heat from primary engines or industrial processes, biomass combustion, and concentrated solar radiation into electricity is arguably enormous. ORC technology is possibly the most flexible in terms of capacity and temperature level and is currently often the only applicable technology for the conversion of external thermal energy sources. In addition, ORC power systems are suitable for the cogeneration of heating and/or cooling, another advantage in the framework of distributed power generation. Related research and development is therefore very lively. These considerations motivated the effort documented in this article, aimed at providing consistent information about the evolution, state, and future of this power conversion technology. First, basic theoretical elements on the thermodynamic cycle, working fluid, and design aspects are illustrated, together with an evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages in comparison to competing technologies. An overview of the long history of the development of ORC power systems follows, in order to place the more recent evolution into perspective. Then, a compendium of the many aspects of the state of the art is illustrated: the solutions currently adopted in commercial plants and the main-stream applications, including information about exemplary installations. A classification and terminology for ORC power plants are proposed. An outlook on the many research and development activities is provided, whereby information on new high-impact applications, such as automotive heat recovery is included. Possible directions of future developments are highlighted, ranging from efforts targeting volume-produced stationary and mobile mini-ORC systems with a power output of few kW e , up to large MW e base-load ORC plants.

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Section: -4 / Vol 137 October 2015mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems: From the Concept to Current Technology, Applications, and an Outlook to the Future

Colonna

Casati

Trapp

et al. 2015

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

314

190

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In Angelino et al. 43 are described the results of a test program on an solar engine using the perfluoro-dimethyl-cycle-hexane (commercial name Flutec PP3) as working fluid at a 250 ℃ and designed for a superheating temperature of 280 ℃.…”

Section: Basic Assumptions and Binary Cycle Working Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binary liquid metal–organic Rankine cycle for small power distributed high efficiency systems

Bombarda

Invernizzi

2014

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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There is a common interest in the distributed power generation: generally for the combined production of electrical and thermal energy and often, although not necessarily, in association with renewable energies as heat sources for the prime mover. For example, in the field of distributed concentrated solar power generation of small size, the gas engine technology now seems to be prevailing (Stirling engines operating at maximum temperatures of 600-800 C, with peak net efficiencies at 20-30% and power up to several kilowatts are commonly considered). Organic Rankine engines, fed by biomass, in the power range of about 1 MW are actually a standard. From a strictly thermodynamic point of view, the binary cycle technology, accomplished by alkaline metal Rankine cycle as the topping cycle and a Rankine cycle with organic fluid as the bottoming cycle, could be an advantageous alternative. By their very nature, Rankine cycles have good thermodynamic qualities and, potentially, their thermodynamic performance, for the same maximum and minimum temperatures, could be better than that of a gas cycles. This paper discusses the possibility of adopting binary cycles with a power level in the order of tens of kilowatts. Following an overview of the characteristics of alkaline metals and a look at the possible organic fluids that can be employed in Rankine engines at high temperature (400 C), assuming a limit condensation pressure of 0.05 bar, the thermodynamic efficiency of binary cycles was evaluated and the preliminary sizing of turbines was discussed. The results (e.g. a net cycle efficiency of around 0.46, with maximum temperature of 800-850 C) appear encouraging, even though setting up the systems may be far from easy. For instance, there are difficulties due to the extremely high volumetric expansion ratios of bottoming cycles (400-600, an order of magnitude larger than those of the topping cycles with alkaline metals that we considered), which are moreover associated with a very low minimum pressure and elevated number of revolutions of the turbomachinery (50,000-200,000 r/min). Without doubt, the design tends to be easier as the power levels increase and the minimum condensation pressure for the bottoming cycle rises. Although the authors know of no activity in progress on binary cycles at present, the interesting prospects suggest the topic deserves further study and research.

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General method for the thermodynamic evaluation of heat pump working fluids

Angelino¹,

Invernizzi

1988

International Journal of Refrigeration

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Test results of a medium temperature solar engine

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems: From the Concept to Current Technology, Applications, and an Outlook to the Future

Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems: From the Concept to Current Technology, Applications, and an Outlook to the Future

Binary liquid metal–organic Rankine cycle for small power distributed high efficiency systems

General method for the thermodynamic evaluation of heat pump working fluids

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