Terrestrial ecotoxicological effects of the antimicrobial agent triclosan

Field dissipation and risk assessment of typical personal care products TCC, TCS, AHTN and HHCB in biosolid-amended soils

“…Accumulation of these personal care products in terrestrial animals and plants may impose toxic effects on these species themselves, and also pose potential risks to animals and humans who consume these plants (Wu et al, 2010). A previous study showed that TCS inhibited plant growth, with rice seeds being more sensitive than cucumber seeds with EC50 values of 57 and 108 mg/kg (Liu et al, 2009). The only terrestrial toxicity data for TCC was LC50 value (40 mg/kg) for the earthworms Eisenia fetida (Snyder et al, 2011), thus the calculated PNEC value for TCC was 40 μg/kg.…”

Changes in functional diversity of soil microbial community with addition of antibiotics sulfamethoxazole and chlortetracycline

“…EcoPlate, one kind of Biolog Microplate, has been successfully applied to study the effect of sulfachloropyridazine on the pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) of soil microbial communities (Schmitt et al 2004). There are still some criticized opinions about the utilization of the Biolog method because the Biolog Microplate mainly reflects a part of microbial community in environmental samples, but it has proved to be a useful tool to differentiate disturbance in soil microbial functional diversity and community from different environmental stresses (Du Plessis et al 2005;Hayyis-Hellal et al 2009;Liu et al 2009b;Lupwayi et al 2009;Wang et al 2010).…”

Comparative evaluation of microbial and chemical methods for assessing 4-chlorophenol biodegradation in soil

“…For the interpretation of the results average well color development (AWCD) was calculated for six groups of carbon sources (carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, amino acids, polymers, amines, miscellaneous) with the following equation: AWCD = (C − R)/31, where C is absorbance value in the control cells and R is absorbance value in each carbon source well [36]. Shannon diversity index for studying soil microbial functional diversity was also calculated using the equation: H = − P i ln(P i ), where P i can be calculated by subtracting the control absorbance from each substrate absorbance and then dividing the value by the total color change for all 31 substrates [28].…”

“…The phytotoxicity of triclosan using plant growth, soil microbial activity with soil respiration and phosphatase activity tests and soil microbial functional diversity using the BIOLOG ECO plates were studied [28]. Researchers found that triclosan inhibited plant growth in soil and soil respiration in soil treated with more than 10 mg kg −1 triclosan during the first 4 days of incubation, but recovered after longer incubation.…”