Temporal Variation in Adult Affiliation Patterns in Wild Taiwanese Macaques (Macaca cyclopis)

Birky, Wendy A.; Su, Hsiu-Hui

doi:10.1007/s10764-005-8852-z

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These two wild macaque groups depend solely on natural food resources and move freely within their natural habitat. The geographical characteristics, climate, and vegetation in the study site were described in a previous study [Birky & Su, 2005].…”

Section: Study Site and Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within‐group female–female agonistic interactions in Taiwanese macaques (Macaca cyclopis)

Birky

2006

American J Primatol

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Feeding-related agonism among wild female Taiwanese macaques was investigated in two study groups at ecologically diverse sites (Fu-shan and Ken-ting) to determine whether contest-feeding competition was present in these groups. Females that contest for food within a primate group are hypothesized to form dominance hierarchies and tend to be philopatric. In this study we tested 1) whether Taiwanese macaque females show higher agonism in a feeding context, 2) whether they exhibit stronger agonism over higher-quality foods, and 3) whether higher agonism rates occur in smaller food patches. Female Taiwanese macaques at both study sites showed similar agonism rates in a feeding context (0.30 events/hr). They exhibited higher agonism rates inside food patches than outside food patches in the spring. Higher agonism rates occurred during seasons of higher fruit availability, and a lower agonism rate occurred in winter when the macaques switched to feeding on fallback foods. Females in the Fu-shan group exhibited higher proportions of aggressive interactions over higher-quality foods, such as animal matter and the reproductive parts of plants. In the Ken-ting group, 95.8% of feeding-related agonistic interactions among females occurred over fruits. Agonistic interactions that occurred in small food patches tended to result in the agonism recipient leaving the food patch. We conclude that female Taiwanese macaques show contest feeding competition in certain contexts. The patterns we observed have also been documented in other primate species in which females are philopatric and form linear dominance hierarchies.

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Section: Study Site and Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within‐group female–female agonistic interactions in Taiwanese macaques (Macaca cyclopis)

Birky

2006

American J Primatol

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“…They eat fruits and leaves mostly ( 33 ). Because females stay with the social group, they have stable matrilineal hierarchies ( 34 , 35 ). The fusion–fission rate is not high in their despotic society ( 36 , 37 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choices behind the veil of ignorance in Formosan macaques

Hwang

Hsieh

et al. 2022

PNAS Nexus

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An ongoing debate regarding the evolution of morality is whether other species show precursory moral behavior. The veil of ignorance (VOI) paradigm is often used to elicit human moral judgment but has never been tested in other primates. We study the division of resources behind the VOI in Formosan macaques. Monkeys choose the equal division more often when a conspecific is present than when it is absent, suggesting a degree of impartiality. To better understand this impartiality, we measure a monkey's reactions to two directions of inequity: one regarding inequity to its advantage and the other to its disadvantage. We find that disadvantageous inequity aversion correlates with the degree of impartiality behind the VOI. Therefore, seemingly impartial behavior could result from a primitive negative reaction to being disadvantaged. This suggests a mechanism to explain a tendency toward impartiality.

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“…Based on our data and others' (Yo 1989, Chi andHsu 1998), the elevational range of the white-faced squirrel is 400-3600 m, higher than that of the giant flying squirrel, 100-2600 m, which may explain why white-faced squirrels were delivered to the nest more often by the pair nesting at the highest elevation (Tahzu) than by those at lower elevations. Two of the three pairs of Mountain Hawk-Eagles preyed on infant Formosan macaques, whose birth season (Birky and Su 2005) coincides with the hawk-eagle nestling period. In one case, the Tazhu pair of hawk-eagles was observed circling above a troop of macaques, which were emitting alarm calls (Y. Huang unpubl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%