Breeding-Season Diet of the Mountain Hawk-Eagle in Southern Taiwan

Sun, Yuan-Hsun; Huang, Yu‐Chun; Tsai, Wen‐Tien; Hong, Shiao-Yu; Chen, Chao-Chieh

doi:10.3356/jrr-08-86.1

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…The overall body color of immature specimens is relatively pale (Brazil 2009; Lin 2006). Qadis hunt medium to large prey, such as Formosan rock macaque ( Macaca cyclopis ) and flying squirrels ( Petaurista ) (Sun et al 2009). Qadis reach sexual maturity later (molts into adult plumage when 6–7 years old [Chen 1990]) and lay fewer eggs per breeding season than many other raptor birds (clutch size = 1), and may not breed every year (the Japanese subspecies breeds every other year [Tago et al 2015]), making them particularly vulnerable to extirpation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sacred Bird at the Crossroads of Destiny: Ethno-Ornithology of the Mountain Hawk-Eagle (Qadis) for the Paiwan People in Taiwan

Huang

Lemaitre

et al. 2021

Journal of Ethnobiology

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Paiwan Indigenous communities of Southern Taiwan have historically used bird feathers to decorate their headdresses. Among many species, the feathers of the Mountain Hawk-Eagle (Nisaetus nipalensis), qadis or adis in the Paiwan language, play an especially crucial role. In this paper, we aim to understand the relationship between the Paiwan and the qadis as well as the evolution of knowledge, practices, and beliefs regarding qadis feathers over time. We engaged Paiwan feather culture through analysis of legends, vocabularies, stories, accounts of feather utilization, and changes in modern society. Interviewees provided the names of various feathers, their link to social identities, and the way of wearing them. We visited 44 villages and interviewed 123 Paiwan elders and tribal chiefs to collect the local names of the feathers and of the different anatomical parts of qadis. We also recorded the taboos, limitations, rituals, and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) associated with qadis hunting. Traditionally, the qadis is deemed a sacred bird and its feathers on a headdress symbolize the special status of a tribal chief, noble person, or hero. We apply our findings to help scientists understand feather culture and to find better conservation strategies that are responsive to local culture.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sacred Bird at the Crossroads of Destiny: Ethno-Ornithology of the Mountain Hawk-Eagle (Qadis) for the Paiwan People in Taiwan

Huang

Lemaitre

et al. 2021

Journal of Ethnobiology

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“…Although Spizaetus hawk-eagles may prefer to predate on juvenile or infant colobines (9 of the 12 cases of primates being predated by Spizaetus hawk-eagles involved juveniles : Iida 1999;Nijman et al 2000;Sun et al 2009; this study) data on the weights of these individuals are largely unavailable. Under the assumption that large-bodied colobine species will have larger young, that larger females are, potentially, better at protecting their offspring against arboreal predators, and that smaller females are more likely to be prey than larger ones, we here use female colobine size as a proxy for vulnerability to raptor predation.…”

Section: Predicting Potential Predation Pressurementioning

confidence: 97%

“…While these relatively large prey items in some studies make up a small proportion of all prey taken (e.g. 6% in Javan hawk-eagles in Indonesia (Prawiradilaga 2006;Nijman et al 2000), 7% in mountain hawk-eagles in Japan (Kaneda 2009)) in others it comprises more than half (53% in mountain hawk-eagles in Taiwan (Sun et al 2009)). …”

Section: Predation Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spizaetus hawk-eagles as predators of arboreal colobines

Fam

Nijman

2011

Primates

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The predation pressure put on primates by diurnal birds of prey differs greatly between continents. Africa and South America have specialist raptors (e.g. crowned hawk-eagle Stephanoaetus coronatus and harpy eagle Harpia harpyja) whereas in Asia the only such specialist's (Philippine eagle Pithecophaga jefferyi) distribution is largely allopatric with primates. The almost universal absence of polyspecific groups in Asia (common in Africa and South America) may indicate reduced predation pressure. As such there is almost no information on predation pressures on primates in Asia by raptors. Here we report successful predation of a juvenile banded langur Presbytis femoralis (~2 kg) by a changeable hawk-eagle Spizaetus cirrhatus. The troop that was attacked displayed no signs of being alarmed, and no calls were made before the event. We argue that in insular Southeast Asia, especially, large Spizaetus hawk-eagles (~2 kg) are significant predators of arboreal colobines. Using data on the relative size of sympatric Spizaetus hawk-eagles and colobines we make predictions on where geographically we can expect the highest predation pressure (Thai-Malay Peninsula) and which colobines are least (Nasalis larvatus, Trachypithecus auratus, P. thomasi) and most (P. femoralis, T. cristatus) affected.

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“…Vegetasi yang rapat memiliki kelembaban yang sesuai untuk kehidupan serangga sehingga tersedianya kebutuhan makanan burung insektivora [34] [36]. Pepohonan di pegunungan menjadi tempat sarang raptor dan tempat mengintai [37]. Raptor memilik daya tarik seperti morfologi dan cara terbang unik yaitu soaring, gliding, dan undulating [38].…”

Section: Gambar 3 Kelimpahan Jenis Burung DI Objek Wisata Girimanikunclassified

Keanekaragaman Burung Sebagai Potensi Pengembangan Avitourism di Objek Wisata Girimanik, Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah

Mubarik

Aditya²,

Mayrendra³

et al. 2020

Biotropika

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Avitourism sebagai salah satu konsep ekowisata memiliki manfaat pada bidang pendidikan, lingkungan, dan ekonomi. Objek wisata Girimanik sebagai kawasan ekowisata menyimpan potensi keanekaragaman burung dengan didukung kondisi habitat yang relatif baik. Akan tetapi, eksplorasi data keanekaragaman burung belum dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman burung sebagai potensi untuk dijadikan kawasan avitourism di objek wisata Girimanik. Pengambilan data burung dilakukan pada tanggal 11-15 Agustus 2018 di enam jalur pengamatan objek wisata Girimanik, dengan menggunakan metode IPA (Index Point of vbAbundance). Analisis data yang digunakan adalah indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wienner, indeks kemelimpahan relatif, indeks kekayaan jenis, dan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif-kualitatif untuk menjelaskan potensi avitourism. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 60 spesies burung dalam 32 famili dengan tingkat keanekaragaman tinggi sebesar 3,1. Kemelimpahan burung didapatkan sebanyak 34 jenis termasuk kategori tidak umum, 22 jenis kategori sering, kategori umum sebanyak tiga jenis, dan satu jenis melimpah. Kekayaan jenis tertinggi dijumpai di jalur Air Terjun Manikmoyo. Berdasarkan potensi avitourism, sebanyak sembilan jenis burung endemik Jawa, tiga jenis terindeks daftar merah IUCN dan tiga jenis masuk Apendik II CITES, 10 jenis yang dilindungi pemerintah, lima jenis raptor, dan enam jenis burung yang memiliki bulu indah serta tiga jenis bersuara merdu. Girimanik berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai kawasan avitourism

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Breeding-Season Diet of the Mountain Hawk-Eagle in Southern Taiwan

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

A Sacred Bird at the Crossroads of Destiny: Ethno-Ornithology of the Mountain Hawk-Eagle (Qadis) for the Paiwan People in Taiwan

A Sacred Bird at the Crossroads of Destiny: Ethno-Ornithology of the Mountain Hawk-Eagle (Qadis) for the Paiwan People in Taiwan

Spizaetus hawk-eagles as predators of arboreal colobines

Keanekaragaman Burung Sebagai Potensi Pengembangan Avitourism di Objek Wisata Girimanik, Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah

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