Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Semiology

Abstract

<jats:p>Epilepsy represents a multifaceted group of disorders divided into two broad categories, partial and generalized, based on the seizure onset zone. The identification of the neuroanatomic site of seizure onset depends on delineation of seizure semiology by a careful history together with video-EEG, and a variety of neuroimaging technologies such as MRI, fMRI, FDG-PET, MEG, or invasive intracranial EEG recording. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the commonest form of focal epilepsy and represents almost 2/3 of cases of intractable epilepsy managed surgically. A history of febrile seizures (especially complex febrile seizures) is common in TLE and is frequently associated with mesial temporal sclerosis (the commonest form of TLE). Seizure auras occur in many TLE patients and often exhibit features that are relatively specific for TLE but few are of lateralizing value. Automatisms, however, often have lateralizing significance. Careful study of seizure semiology remains invaluable in addressing the search for the seizure onset zone.</jats:p>

MRI characterization of temporal lobe epilepsy using rapidly measurable spatial indices with hemisphere asymmetries and gender features

“…Electroencephalography (EEG) is used as a primary non-invasive tool in regular clinical practice to detect the ictal and interictal epileptogenic discharges including brain hemispheric localization of the seizure onset [1][2][3][4][5]. The certain proportion of TLE patients appears to be resistant to antiepileptic drugs and is referred to the several surgical treatments of brain regions [6,7].…”

Clinical Characteristics of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy With Hippocampal Sclerosis and Temporal Lobe Epilepsies Due to Other Etiologies

“…Careful study of seizure semiology remains invaluable in addressing the search for the seizure onset zone [9]. Seizure auras occur in many TLE patients and often exhibit features that are relatively specific for TLE, but automatisms often have lateralizing significance.…”

“…Seizure auras occur in many TLE patients and often exhibit features that are relatively specific for TLE, but automatisms often have lateralizing significance. TLE is categorized into mesial TLE and (neocortical) lateral TLE [1,3,9]. Mesial TLE (mTLE) is the term used to describe seizure onset from mainly the hippocampal formation, especially in the case of hippocampal sclerosis (HS), and other seizure onset zones from temporal limbic structures.…”

“…It is important to recognize localization of their seizure focus to distinguish nTLE from mTLE because it determines whether patients are considered nonsurgical candidates or are recommend undergoing extensive surgeries [9]. mTLE-HS is one of the most common types of epilepsy referred for surgical treatment.…”

Induction of Fear by Intraoperative Stimulation During Awake Craniotomy: Case Presentation and Systematic Review of the Literature

“…Pre-epilepsy surgery diagnostic aims to identify the neuroanatomical site of the epileptogenic zone. The identification of the epileptogenic zone depends on delineation of seizure semiology by a careful history together with video-EEG, neuroimaging technologies such as MRI, fMRI, or invasive intracranial EEG recording, which is also used for brain mapping 4 . In cases where the epileptogenic zone is in close anatomical relation to brain areas involved in language processing awake craniotomy and intraoperative direct cortical stimulation (IOS) serve as an additional tool to improve functional preservation and operative outcome 6,29 .…”