Temporal effects of 3 commonly used anticoagulants on hematologic and biochemical variables in blood samples from macaws and Burmese pythons

Harr, Kendal E.; Raskin, Rose E.; Heard, Darryl J.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-165x.2005.tb00065.x

Cited by 71 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Prolonged storage of uncentrifuged human, reptilian and avian blood samples has been shown to result in significant changes to a wide range of biochemical assays owing to glucose depletion, the movement of water into cells and leakage of intracellular constituents (Boyanton & Blick 2002;Harr, Raskin, & Heard 2005). Immediate separation of plasma or serum from cells has therefore been advocated to optimize analytical results (Boyanton & Blick 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in postsampling treatment of avian blood affects ecophysiological interpretations

Hoye¹

2011

Methods Ecol Evol

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Summary1. The fluid component of blood is widely used in ecophysiological investigations, including measures of immune function and stable isotope ecology. After blood collection, delayed separation of blood extracellular fluids from red blood cells is known to affect the concentration of a wide range of biochemical compounds in the resulting fluid, as does prevention of clotting (producing plasma) when compared with blood allowed to clot (producing serum). 2. One challenge when investigating immune function and stable isotope ecology, therefore, is discriminating variation because of the effect of the biological factors of interest from potential methodological artefacts. This study assesses how seven widely used measures of immune function and stable isotope composition respond both to delayed separation of the cellular and fluid components and to the clotting of blood samples from two species of waterfowl. 3. Samples that remained uncentrifuged for up to 12 h did not differ from those centrifuged within 15 min of sampling from the same individuals, indicating that samples from a wide range of field conditions may remain highly comparable. However, the outcome of three of the four immunological assays and two of the three isotopic analyses was highly dependent on the type of fluid, with higher immunological activity and higher relative concentrations of heavy carbon and total nitrogen in plasma compared to serum. 4. Researchers interested in immune function and stable isotope ecology may obtain the most useful results by ensuring that they use a single fluid type in their investigations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in postsampling treatment of avian blood affects ecophysiological interpretations

Hoye¹

2011

Methods Ecol Evol

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“…31 These anticoagulants as well as sodium citrate have been examined in blood samples from macaws and pythons. 32 With delays in smear preparation and manual counting (by smear and by the Natt and Herrick method), the investigators reported that avian samples should be analyzed within 12 hours and reptile samples should be analyzed within 24 hours. Storage was recommended at 4 C. These types of parameters have also been examined in small mammals.…”

Section: Patient Preparation and Handlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference Intervals in Avian and Exotic Hematology

Cray

2015

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice

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“…Plasmatic levels of calcium presented in the Na 2 EDTA stored samples of pacus were about 80 % lower than both heparin groups. The Na 2 EDTA acts as a chelating to the anticoagulant factor VI (Ca 2+ ), responsible by the stability and permeability of the cell membrane (Harr et al 2005), causing an increase of erythrocytes volume. Kaestner (2011) and Bogdanova et al (2013) described the importance of Ca 2+ as universal signaling molecule involved in regulating cell cycle, metabolism, structural integrity and volume, and changes in the extracellular levels of Ca 2+ result in serious dysregulation of hydromineral balance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heparin acts accelerating the action of antithrombin III, inhibiting the action of thrombin and, consequently, the continuity of the coagulation cascade. On the other hand, the EDTA is able to chelate ions, including calcium (Ca2+), important in several steps of the blood clotting (Harr et al 2005). However, according to Ishikawa et al (2010), both anticoagulants can promote changes on the blood parameters in teleost fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Na2EDTA anticoagulant impaired blood samples from the teleost Piaractus mesopotamicus

Farias¹,

Pereira²,

Pádua³

et al. 2016

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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RESUMO.-[Anticoagulante Na 2 EDTA danifica amostras de sangue do teleósteo Piaractus mesopotamicus.] O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da heparina sódica e Na 2 EDTA no sangue de Piaractus mesopotamicus (360,7±42,4g, 26,4±1,0cm). Foram amostrados vinte peixes em dois ensaios experimentais, sendo dez peixes utilizados para análise da fragilidade dos eritrócitos e dez peixes para análise dos parâmetros hematológicos e estudo bioquímico do plasma. O sangue coletado por punção veno-caudal foi aliquotado e armazenado em diferentes soluções anticoagulantes: Na 2 EDTA 10%, Na 2 EDTA 3%, heparina sódica 5.000 UI e heparina sódica 100 UI. Níveis plasmáticos de cálcio apresentados nas amostras armazenados em Na 2 EDTA diminuíram cerca de 80% em relação aos dois grupos armazenados com heparina. Amostras de sangue de pacus armazenados com Na 2 EDTA demonstraram aumento do hematócrito e VCM, e diminuição na CHCM. O efeito dose-resposta foi observado neste estudo. Estes resultados são reforçados pelos níveis mais elevados de proteína plasmática e hemólise apresentado no sangue armazenado com Na 2 EDTA 10%, o que confirma o efeito deletério desse tratamento anticoagulante na qualidade de amostras de sangue. Na 2 EDTA não é indicada para armazenar amostras de sangue de P. mesopotamicus, e heparina sódica a 100 UI é o anticoagulante mais recomendado, uma vez que este tratamento apresentou a menor taxa de alterações no sangue armazenado. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Na heparin and Na 2 EDTA on blood of Piaractus mesopotamicus (360.7±42.4g, 26.4±1.0cm). Twenty fishes were sampled in two experiment trials, ten for erythrocyte fragility analysis and ten for hematologic and plasma biochemical study. The blood collected by venous-caudal puncture was fractioned and stored in anticoagulants solution: Na 2 EDTA 10%, Na 2 EDTA 3%, Na heparin 5000 IU and Na heparin 100 IU. Plasmatic levels of calcium presented in the Na 2 EDTA stored samples were about 80% lower than both heparin groups. Blood samples of P. mesopotamicus stored with Na 2 EDTA demonstrated increase in the hematocrit and MCV, and decrease in MCHC. The dose-response effect was observed in this study. The results are reinforced by the higher levels of plasmatic protein and hemolysis presented in the Na 2 EDTA 10% stored blood, confirming the deleterious effect of this anticoagulant treatment on the quality of blood samples. Na 2 EDTA is not indicated to store P. mesopotamicus blood samples, but sodium heparin at 100 IU is the most recommended anticoagulant, since this treatment presented the lower rate of alterations in the stored blood. INDEX TERMS: Fish hematology, blood clotting, EDTA, Heparin, Piaractus mesopotamicus.

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Temporal effects of 3 commonly used anticoagulants on hematologic and biochemical variables in blood samples from macaws and Burmese pythons

Cited by 71 publications

References 11 publications

Variation in postsampling treatment of avian blood affects ecophysiological interpretations

Variation in postsampling treatment of avian blood affects ecophysiological interpretations

Reference Intervals in Avian and Exotic Hematology

Na2EDTA anticoagulant impaired blood samples from the teleost Piaractus mesopotamicus

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