Temperature–time response of a polymer bonded explosive in compression (EDC37)

Williamson, David M.; Siviour, Clive R.; Proud, W. G.; Palmer, S. J. P.; Govier, Rebecca; Ellis, Kevin; Blackwell, Paul G.; Leppard, Claire

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/41/8/085404

Cited by 82 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…(a) The failure stresses of the PBX and binder are plotted against temperature in figure 9, alongside the SHPB results obtained by Govier et al [10] and Williamson's quasi-static PBX data [5]. The error-bars shown on the plots are estimated from the noise level at the peak of the respective stress-strain curve.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The errors shown are those arising from the estimation of the gradient. A room-temperature material density of 1841 ± 2 kg m -3 is assumed, based on a previous article [5]. The derived elastic modulus, E, bulk modulus, K, shear modulus, G, and Poisson's ratio, ν, are plotted against temperature in figure 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Below the apparent glass transition region, the binder exhibits no failure peak as such, so the stress at which flow begins is taken to represent material strength. Plot of PBX and binder failure stresses against temperature, including *quasi-static data from [5] and **SHPB data from [10].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The mechanical response of a PBX and binder: combining results across the strain-rate and frequency domains

Drodge¹,

Williamson²,

Palmer³

et al. 2010

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Abstract. The mechanical response of a polymer bonded explosive has been measured using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar at a strain-rate of 2000 s -1 , across a range of temperatures from 173 to 333 K, with the aim of observing its behaviour in the glassy regime. The yield stresses increased monotonically with decreasing temperature and no plateau was found. The failure mechanism was found to transition from shear-banding with crystal debonding fracture to brittle failure with some evidence of crystal fracture. Similar experiments were performed on samples of its nitrocellulose-based binder material, at a strain-rate of 3000 s -1 across a temperature range of 173-273 K. The failure stresses of the binder approach that of the composite at temperatures near -70°C. The elastic moduli were estimated from post-equilibrium regions of the stress-strain curves, and compared to those obtained for the composite using 5 MHz ultrasonic soundspeed measurement, and powder DMA measurements and quasi-static behaviour reported in a previous paper. The moduli were plotted on a common frequency axis: a temperature-shift was applied to collapse the curves, which agreed with the Cox Merz rule.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The mechanical response of a PBX and binder: combining results across the strain-rate and frequency domains

Drodge¹,

Williamson²,

Palmer³

et al. 2010

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…In addition, it is necessary to overcome the effects of the inertia of the apparatus, so that high speed deformations can be applied after a very short period of acceleration. Hydraulic machines are often used; however, systems based on dropping weights [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48], fly wheel systems [49,50], expanding ring [51], cam plastometer [52], very long Hopkinson bars [53], or the 'wedge bar' [54] have also been applied successfully. Accurate experiments in this strain rate regime are key because molecular mobility transitions often become activated between 1 and 1000 s -1 .…”

Section: Intermediate Strain Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Siviour's formula was able to capture several changes deformation mechanisms which govern changes in yield stress, including the inflection in data which involves the glass transition PVDF, and that which is understood as the beginning of the b-transition in PC. This analysis has subsequently been used on semi-crystalline polymers [174,178] and particulate composites [41,186]. Recent data on PVC with different amounts of plasticizer [153] have shown the effects on the analysis of having two transitions influencing the rate dependence, and how this can be dealt with using two shift parameters, similar to the deconstruct, shift, reconstruct method pioneered by Mulliken and Boyce [20], discussed further below.…”

Section: Time-temperature Superposition For Large Strain Response Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Strain Rate Mechanics of Polymers: A Review

Siviour

Jordan

2016

J. dynamic behavior mater.

265

121

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The mechanical properties of polymers are becoming increasingly important as they are used in structural applications, both on their own and as matrix materials for composites. It has long been known that these mechanical properties are dependent on strain rate, temperature, and pressure. In this paper, the methods for dynamic loading of polymers will be briefly reviewed. The high strain rate mechanical properties of several classes of polymers, i.e. glassy and rubbery amorphous polymers and semi-crystalline polymers will be reviewed. Additionally, time-temperature superposition for rate dependent large strain properties and pressure dependence in polymers will be discussed. Constitutive modeling and shock properties of polymers will not be discussed in this review.

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Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of PBX

Xiao

Sun

et al. 2016

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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1IntroductionPolymer bonded explosives (PBXs) [1][2][3][4] have usually been considered as ap articulate composite material containing the energetic materials hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-s-triazine (RDX) embedded in av iscoelastic polymer binder. PBXs are widely used in av ariety of conventional engineering and aerospace fields. As ah ighly-filled composite material, PBX exhibits complex physical and mechanical properties that are dependent on an umber of variables, such as temperature, strain rate, grains weight, and size distribution of grains, etc. [5,6].The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) performed al ot of research on dynamic mechanical properties of PBXs. These results suggested that dynamic mechanical properties of PBX are strongly influenced by strain rate and temperature [7][8][9][10].A lso, the compressive strength is enhanced when increasing strain rate or decreasing temperature. PBX9501i sw idely researched at present,a nd the result illustrated that PBX9501 duringh igh-rate loading continue straining after the maximum flows tress have been achieved. Figure 1s hows the published compressive stress-strain data on PBX9501 currently known to the authors. When the peak strengths of PBX9501 are achieved, the flow strength beginst od ecline sharply because of damage accumulation. Graye tal. [11] revealed that at high-rate PBX 9501 fails via predominantly transgranular cleavage through the HMX crystals. Strains to failure remain almost constant throughout,a talevel of approximately 1-3 %. In fact, these damagep rocesses give rise to the enhanced sensitivity of PBX9501 followinga ni mpact.In the presented work, the micromechanical modelh as profited greatly from the theoretical analysis of Weng and co-workers [12-17] and considerable referencet ot heir work is madet hroughout this article. Their work is based on Eshelby's celebrateds olution of the stressa nd strain fields arising from the presence of an ellipsoidal inhomogeneity in an elastic matrix and Mori and Ta naka'se ffective medium theory,w hich was used to extendE shelby's analysis to larger valueso ff iller concentration [18,19].C lements and Mas have put forth am ethod that is ah ybrid of two Abstract:T he dynamic mechanical properties of PBX1314 and its binder are systematicallyi nvestigated. Based on split-Hopkinson pressure bar technique, the experimental results of PBX1314 and its binder are obtainedu nder high strain rate. Ac onstitutive theory is developed for modeling the mechanical response of dynamically loaded PBX1314 binder.T oa ccomplish this aim, the PBX1314 binderi sa ssayed by relaxation tests at different temperatures, in order to apply the time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP) and raise the masterc urves, based on WLF equation.The rate dependence of mechanical response of the polymer binder is accounted for by ag eneralized Maxwell viscoelasticity model. The basis for this work is Mori and Ta naka's effectivem ediumt heory.T he grains in this analysis are assumed to be spherical and uniformly distributed in the b...

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Temperature–time response of a polymer bonded explosive in compression (EDC37)

Cited by 82 publications

References 35 publications

The mechanical response of a PBX and binder: combining results across the strain-rate and frequency domains

The mechanical response of a PBX and binder: combining results across the strain-rate and frequency domains

High Strain Rate Mechanics of Polymers: A Review

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of PBX

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