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Keywords:Wine Brand love Brand loyalty Brand satisfaction Brand trust Wine experience Wine knowledge a b s t r a c t This study develops and tests a model through a multi-country study that considers consumer wine knowledge and wine experience, wine brand trust and wine brand satisfaction as antecedents of wine brand love, and wine brand loyalty as a consequence of wine brand love. Data were collected in five wine-producing countries (Australia, Chile, France, Mexico and Portugal) with a final sample of 3462 completed surveys. Hypotheses were tested with structural equation modeling and the findings confirm the importance of brand love as both a mediator and direct influence on brand loyalty for wine consumers. Furthermore, brand satisfaction was positively and significantly related to brand love. In addition, wine experience, rather than wine knowledge, positively influenced brand trust and satisfaction. Finally, results also identify differences between countries thereby providing insights into how companies should focus their marketing strategies internationally.

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This paper describes research performed on a polymer-bonded sugar (PBS) consisting of 66% caster sugar in a hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) binder The mechanical response of the PBS and pure HTPB to applied loading at a strain rate of approximately 2000 s K1 at temperatures from K80 to C228C is presented. The materials were also characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis, X-ray tomography and quasi-static loading. These measurements are required for the development of intermediate strain rate constitutive models of polymer-bonded explosives, for which PBSs are a commonly used mechanical simulant.The current constitutive modelling suffers from a lack of experimental data on wellcharacterized composites and binders, especially at intermediate strain rates. This is particularly important for understanding the effects of mixing two materials. Applications of such modelling include explosive safety and fundamental understanding of the various deformation mechanisms. In this paper, the dependences of strength and deformation mechanism on temperature, and, in particular, the glass transition temperature of the binder, are shown. Physical damage plays an important role; X-ray tomography scans support debonding as the primary form of damage during roomtemperature deformation. These results are in agreement with previous investigations and are discussed in this context.

The compressive strength of the energetic composition EDC37 has been measured at a temperature of 293 ± 2 K over a range of strain rates from 10−8 to 103 s−1, and at a strain rate of 10−3 s−1 over a range of temperatures from 208 to 333 K. The results show that failure stress is a monotonic function of applied strain rate or temperature, which is dominated by the relaxation properties of the polymeric binder; this is confirmed by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis performed on both EDC37 and its binder. Similarities between the compressive strain rate/temperature data sets can be understood by temperature–time superposition; data collected at a strain rate of 10−3 s−1 over a temperature range 208 to 333 K were mapped onto a plot of strain rate dependent strength at 293 K, using an empirically determined sensitivity of −13.1 ± 0.3 K per decade of strain rate. Sample size was noted to have a modest effect on the stress–strain behaviour; small length to diameter ratios gave results consistent with an increased degree of confinement. Samples taken to large strains exhibited strain localization in the form of shear bands.

The variation of metallic particle size and sample porosity significantly alters the dynamic mechanical properties of high density granular composites processed using a cold isostatically pressed mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), aluminum (Al) and tungsten (W) powders. Quasi-static and dynamic experiments are performed with identical constituent mass fractions with variations in the size of the W particles and pressing conditions. The relatively weak polymer matrix allows the strength and fracture modes of this material to be governed by the granular type behavior of agglomerated metal particles. A higher ultimate compressive strength was observed in relatively high porosity samples with small W particles compared to those with coarse W particles in all experiments. Mesoscale granular force chains comprised of the metallic particles explain 2 this unusual phenomenon as observed in a hydrocode simulation of a drop-weight test.Macrocracks forming below the critical failure strain for the matrix and unusual behavior due to a competition between densification and fracture in dynamic tests of porous samples were also observed. Shock loading of this granular composite resulted in higher fraction of total internal energy deposition in the soft PTFE matrix, specifically thermal energy, which can be tailored by the W particle size distribution.Porous PTFE-Al-W specimens containing coarse W particles (denoted "porous PTFE-Al-coarse W") were processed with a significantly reduced CIPing pressure (20 MPa) to investigate the behavior of materials with different porosity and different particle sizes of W powder. This resulted in a similar porosity to samples with fine W particles (compare the Porous PTFE-Al-fine W sample with the Porous PTFE-Al-coarse W sample

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