Temperature-dependent formation of vertical concentration gradients in lead-acid batteries under PSoC operation – Part 1: Acid stratification

Ebner, Ellen; Börger, Alexander; Gelbke, M.; Zena, Eva; Wieger, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2012.12.013

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, charge transfer resistance decreases by increasing temperature (Figure 2d). While operation temperature rises, the reaction between lead and sulfate occur easier [28]. This reaction is also the reason for self-discharge at high temperature [29].…”

Section: Temperature Effect On Electrochemical Behaviors Of Gelled Symentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Obtained peak between -1.0 -(-0.9) V in given voltammograms represents the formation of lead sulfate from metallic lead (Figure 2a) [25][26][27]. When operation temperature was increased, the reaction between lead and sulfate occur faster [28]. By the increasing of operation temperature, anodic peak currents and peak redox capacities increased radically until 40 o C (Figure 2b).…”

Section: Temperature Effect On Electrochemical Behaviors Of Gelled Symentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of the temperature effect on electrochemical behaviors of TiO2 for gel type valve regulated lead-acid batteries

Gençten¹,

Dönmez²,

Şahin³

2016

ANADOLU UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY a - Applied Sciences and Engineering

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In this study, the effect of temperature on the electrochemical behaviors of gel electrolyte systems was investigated for valve regulated lead-acid battery at 0≤ T ≤50 o C. Fumed silica and mixture of fumed silica and TiO2 were used as gel electrolytes. TiO2 has a good combination with fumed silica. They were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and battery tests. The anodic peak currents and redox capacities of the gel electrolytes increased with increasing of temperature. The highest anodic peak current and redox capacity were observed at 30 o C in fumed silica and at 40 o C in fumed silica: TiO2 based gel systems. The solution and charge transfer resistance values decreased in fumed silica:TiO2 gel system by increasing temperature. In battery tests, discharge curves were obtained for each gel system at 0, 25 and 50 o C. The discharge time of mixture gel electrolyte system was higher than that of fumed silica based gel electrolyte at low (0 o C) and high (50 o C) temperatures. The best performance was obtained in fumed silica based gel electrolyte at 25 o C.

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Section: Temperature Effect On Electrochemical Behaviors Of Gelled Symentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Temperature Effect On Electrochemical Behaviors Of Gelled Symentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the temperature effect on electrochemical behaviors of TiO2 for gel type valve regulated lead-acid batteries

Gençten¹,

Dönmez²,

Şahin³

2016

ANADOLU UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY a - Applied Sciences and Engineering

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“…It should be emphasized that the sluggishness and inconsistency (strong dependence on short-term cycling history) of DCA is a technology-specific issue of LABs, no matter whether flooded or valve-regulated but rarely encountered with other storage technologies. Mechanistically, it can be explained with the dissolution of lead sulfate being the rate-determining step of the charging reaction, which is independent of the applied potential (Sauer et al, 2007) and is aggravated by acid stratification in flooded batteries (Ebner et al, 2013). Modifications of the negative electrode, either macroscopically or microscopically, have proven to enable a substantially enhanced DCA and will be discussed below.…”

Section: Depth Of Discharge and Dynamic Charge Acceptancementioning

confidence: 99%

Lead–acid batteries for hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles

Garche

Moseley

Karden

2015

Advances in Battery Technologies for Electric Vehicles

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“…As a result of gravity, the new acid liberated from the electrodes dropped to the bottom of the cell. Therefore, a vertical density gradient is formed from the bottom to the top of the battery cell and the acid stratification problem is presented [11][12][13]. During the rest phases, the electrolyte stratification is transformed to mass stratification in the negative active mass by internal equilibration processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Hydrostatic Pump in a Battery Cell with Mixing Element

et al. 2015

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Lead acid battery with mixing element is a new battery technology adopted for micro-hybrid vehicles. This battery technology is based on the use of the mixing element. The aim of this paper was to study the hydrostatic pump created using the mixing element. A numerical simulation is performed to predict the pumping phenomenon occurred under the liquid sloshing in the battery cell subjected to sinusoidal excitation. The volume of fluid method based on the finite volume method is used to simulate two-phase flow in the battery cell partially filled with liquid. The distribution of the static pressure and the velocity in whole volume of the cell are presented and analyzed to understand the operating mode of the hydrostatic pump. An experimental setup with sinusoidal movement is developed, and the hydrostatic pump in the battery cell partially filled with liquid is studied. The comparison between the numerical and the experimental results shows a good agreement. In addition, an initially stratified lead acid battery cell is prepared. The effect of sinusoidal acceleration on the stratified cell is investigated. The experimental results show that hydrostatic pump can eliminate the liquid stratification under the acceleration effect.

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Temperature-dependent formation of vertical concentration gradients in lead-acid batteries under PSoC operation – Part 1: Acid stratification

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

Investigation of the temperature effect on electrochemical behaviors of TiO2 for gel type valve regulated lead-acid batteries

Investigation of the temperature effect on electrochemical behaviors of TiO2 for gel type valve regulated lead-acid batteries

Lead–acid batteries for hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Hydrostatic Pump in a Battery Cell with Mixing Element

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