Temperature-dependence of electrical and dielectric properties of papers for electrophotography

Abstract

The temperature-dependence of the electrical and dielectric properties of paper substrates was studied using experimental papers with different NaCl contents, different thicknesses, and different grammages. Physical processes related to the charging potential, charge decay rate, conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss of papers are dependent on thermal energy, and this dependence on temperature can be described by exponential expressions. The ion content of paper not only determines the level of these properties at a given temperature, as expected but also influences their temperature-dependence. Frequency analysis of the dielectric loss confirms that new structures are formed in paper by the addition of NaCl. The results may be applicable to the design of materials and equipment, e.g., for the electrophotographic printing processes.

Paper Electronics

“…[ 20 , 21 ] The electrical properties of paper are also important in xerographic printing, such as laser printing and photocopying. [21][22][23] The electrical properties of paper have been reviewed by Baum. [ 24 ] Among the most interesting electrical properties of paper are volume and surface resistivity, but the dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor, charging potential and decay rate, and dielectric breakdown strength are sometimes also important.…”

“…Mater. 2011, 23, structures such as antennas, [ 47 , 71 , 83 , 96 , 127 ] capacitors, [ 112 ] organic solar cells, [ 122 , 123 ] OLEDs, [ 124 ] rectifying diodes, [ 112 , 125 ] and OFETs. [ 80 , 81 , 91 , 118-120 , 126 ] The print patterns are engraved into a metallic cylinder by a laser, by chemical etching, or electromechanically as separate cells or intaglio trenches and high print resolution ( ≈ 20 μ m) can be achieved.…”

“…The area has gained much interest during the last years because of the large potential market 23, that could be reached by manufacturing the tags in a low-cost printing process onto fl exible substrates. [ 193 , 211 ] Active RFID tags are powered by batteries and have a longer reading distance (up to 30 m) than the passive tags that are inductively powered by the antenna (up to 3 m).…”

γ-rays irradiation effects on dielectric properties of Ti/Au/GaAsN Schottky diodes with 1.2%N

“…This is due to charges freezing effect. From ac conductivity evolution with temperature, it is possible to plot Arrhenius function (El Sayed, 2014;Maldzius et al, 2010):…”

Advanced Electron Holography Applied to Electromagnetic Field Study in Materials Science

“…The image development process is as follows: insulating toner particles are attached to carrier particles by controlling the electrostatic interaction between them and then detached from the carrier particles by applying a bias voltage . Since the print quality is strongly affected by the charge distributions on the toner and carrier particles, a detailed evaluation of the distributions is needed to improve the electrophotographic properties. The charging behavior of the toner particles is usually analyzed using the blow‐off method and electrical single particle aerodynamic relaxation time (E‐SPART) analysis …”