Tellurite Glasses for Broadband Amplifiers and Integrated Optics

Abstract

The present investigation discusses the advantage of using RE-ion-doped (Nd 3؉ , Tm 3؉ , and Er 3؉ ) TeO 2 glasses for developing fiber and planar broadband amplifiers and lasers. The spectroscopy of RE-ion-doped fibers and glasses is discussed along with the thermal properties of glass hosts. The results of emission from the 3 H 4 level in single-mode Tm 3؉doped tellurite fiber show that the emission band overlaps with Er 3؉ emission from the 4 I 13/2 level and Nd 3؉ emission from the 4 F 3/2 level in silicate and tellurite glasses, thereby enabling the development of amplifiers and lasers between 1350 and 1650 nm. Recent results using Z-scan measurements of nonlinear refractive index and absorption demonstrate that the thirdorder nonlinearity in undoped TeO 2 glasses is of the order of 2 ؋ 10 ؊15 to 3 ؋ 10 ؊15 cm 2 ⅐W ؊1 between 1300 and 1550 nm. These results are briefly discussed in view of an amplifier operation combined with ultrafast all-optical switching.

Effect of chloride ion introduction on structural and 15 μm emission properties in Er^3+-doped fluorophosphate glass

“…A figure of merit (FOM) for the amplifier bandwidth as the product FWHM×σ e [54] of each sample is listed in Table 3. The product of sample E (42:60 pm 2 • nm) is significantly higher than ZBLAN (ð30 pm 2 • nmÞ) and Al=SiO 2 ð25 pm 2 • nmÞ glasses, which are studied as potential EDFA hosts [64]. The larger product of present samples indicates apparent advantages of choosing a modified FP glass host for designing a broadband amplifier.…”

“…As far as the material aspects are concerned, a large product of σ em × τ mea is desirable for an efficient fiber amplifier [68]. In this regard, the product of modified FP glass sample E (6:11 pm 2 • ms, listed in Table 3) has an obvious advantage over Er-doped ZBLAN glass (4:8 pm 2 • ms) and Al=SiO 2 glass (5:5 pm 2 • ms) [64]. This makes Er-doped chloride modified FP glass a very promising candidate material for 1:55 μm signal amplification.…”

“…The τ mea values of prepared FP samples are significantly larger than those of tellurite glass (3:3 ms) [66], bismuth based glass (1:8 ms) [66], and borosilicate glass (2:0 ms) [67], which makes these FP glasses useful for developing optical amplifiers. The FOM for amplifier gain is usually defined as the product of stimulated emission cross section and lifetime (σ em ×τ mea ) [64]. As far as the material aspects are concerned, a large product of σ em × τ mea is desirable for an efficient fiber amplifier [68].…”

Sensing properties of germanate and tellurite glass optical fibres

“…The high refractive index and optical nonlinearity, the resistance to corrosion, low melting temperature and its good transmission properties in the visible-infrared (0.35-6μm) [1] make them promising candidate for bio/chemical and gas sensing [2][3], nonlinear optical signal processing [4] and optical amplifier and laser devices [5][6]. Among these applications, the strain and thermal optical properties of fibres are important parameters which are necessary to model, design, and operate fibre sensors, lasers and amplifiers.…”

Fiber Bragg gratings inscribed using 800nm femtosecond laser and a phase mask in singleand multi-core mid-IR glass fibers

“…Their high refractive index and optical nonlinearity, resistance to corrosion, low melting temperature and good transmission properties from the visible to mid-IR region (0.35-6µm) [1] make them promising fiber hosts for bio/chemical and gas sensing [2][3], nonlinear optical signal processing [4] and optical amplifier and laser [5][6] devices. In recent years, we have also seen that there are increasingly reports for multi-core fibers (MCFs).…”