Tellurite Glass Fibers for Mid-infrared Nonlinear Applications

Abstract

In this chapter, we will review the progress of using tellurite glass nonlinear fibers for mid-infrared nonlinear applications in this chapter. First, we introduce various fabrication approaches for making conventional solid core/clad tellurite glass preforms and structured tellurite glass preforms. Second, two technical difficulties have been found during the early stage of using small-core tellurite glass fiber for generating nonlinear supercontinuum into mid-infrared region. Approaches such as glass dehydration and large-mode-area fiber have been developed for solving these problems.

Crystallization of Lanthanide—Ho3+ and Tm3+ Ions Doped Tellurite Glasses

“…The thermal stability of the tested glasses, defined as ΔT = T x − T g , was lower than 100 °C, which does not suggest their high stability highlighted in the literature [ 2 , 4 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

“…TeO 2 host materials have a matrix that exhibits some intriguing properties. They have a wide transparency range (400–5000 nm [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]), high refractive index (>2 [ 4 ]), low photon energy (800 cm −1 [ 1 , 3 ]), and relatively low melting points (<800 °C [ 5 ]). Tellurium oxide TeO 2 as a glass-forming material (Zachariasen’s GFA criterion Ed(TeO 2 ) = 1136 kJ/mol [ 6 ]) together with numerous network modifiers such as WO 3 , ZnO, CdO, K 2 O, PbO, BaO, and Bi 2 O 3 forms stable glasses in a wide range of concentrations [ 7 ].…”

“…Tellurite glasses are of great interest, especially when doped with rare-earth ions (Er, Eu, Tm, Ho) to obtain materials for infrared laser applications (2–3 µm) and optical devices in telecommunication [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Photonic applications of doped tellurite glasses may become even more interesting when doped with noble metals (Au and Ag nanoparticles), significantly increasing the effect of radiation emission [ 1 , 4 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. This effect (functionalization of glasses with silver or gold) is attributed to the phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonance (LPSR) and occurs for small Ag and Au nanoparticles [ 16 ].…”

“…The higher the ΔT value, the more stable the glass. For tellurite glasses (not containing alkali metals), this value, according to literature data [ 2 , 4 ], is ΔT = 160–170 °C. Regarding the crystallization process of TeO 2 -WO 3 -ZnO tellurite glasses, the onset of crystallization temperature strongly depends on the concentration of WO 3 and ZnO, and for pure TeO 2, it is about 350 °C [ 24 ], while for glasses with 30% WO 3 content, it increases to about 480 °C [ 5 ].…”

Structural and elastic properties studies of yttrium lead borotellurite glass doped with neodymium oxide

“…Since the quantum of efficiency of emission transition depends on the structural modification of the host material, the selection of host material is important [1]. Among oxide glass formers, tellurite glass is one of the suitable host material due to their excellent properties such as non-hygroscopic in nature, high refractive index, low crystalline rate as well as good infrared transmitters for wavelength up to 5 µm [2][3][4]. Furthermore, tellurite glass is also good for hosting rare earth ions since it provides low phonon energy which minimizes non-radiative relaxation rates of rare earths excited-state levels [5,6].…”