Tectonic shortening and crustal thickness in the Central Andes: How good is the correlation?

Kley, Jonas; Monaldi, Cesar Ruben

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0723:tsacti>2.3.co;2

Cited by 271 publications

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“…However, signifi cant correlations exist with rainfall gradients 24 , as predicted by theory 17,20 . Tectonic uplift of rocks can also be inferred in the high rainfall reach based on positive correlations between 10 Be-derived denudation rates and steepnesses of channels 25 . It is not possible to discriminate between geomorphic transience due to fl exural accommodation or steady-state crustal advection based on the stream profi les alone.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Th e former is unlikely as orthophotos of the Eastern Cordillera show that end moraines are weakly expressed below ~ 3500 metres and are, in some cases, situated well above or within the incised valleys 29 , suggesting that channel incision has not been inhibited 24 . We do not exclude glacial erosion, but high 10 Be-derived denudation rates 25 coupled with the highest frequency of landslides in the orographic rainfall-aff ected reach 30 indicate that fl uvial dissection is the dominant process at least over Holocene timescales.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Th e chronology of tectonic deformation along this transect has been restored based on tectonic and stratigraphic investigations, and low-temperature thermochronometres 3,[7][8][9][10][11]26,32,33 . Although the rate of cumulative shortening across the entire Central Andes has been constant between the Oligocene and the present ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1d ), whereas the Eastern Cordillera faults are shallower, averaging 30 ° , with surface slopes from 2 ° -4 ° (ref. 10 ). Based on model results, when surface slopes adjacent to the primary faults grow from 0 ° (point A in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1c ). Farther east, the Sub-Andes form an east-vergent fold-and-thrust belt made up of Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Tertiary units 10 that progressively includes Neogene foreland strata of the Chaco foreland basin 11 .…”

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Migrating deformation in the Central Andes from enhanced orographic rainfall

Norton

Schlunegger

2011

Nat Commun

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Migrating deformation in the Central Andes from enhanced orographic rainfall

Norton

Schlunegger

2011

Nat Commun

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Uplift of the Central Andes of NW Argentina associated with upper crustal shortening, revealed by multiproxy isotopic analyses

et al. 2014

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This study contributes to the uplift history of the Andes, which has received increasing attention in recent years because of its implications for geodynamic models and climate feedbacks. Shortening resulting in crustal thickening and removal of gravitationally unstable mantle lithosphere has been proposed to control deformation and uplift of Cordillera-type orogenic systems such as the Puna Plateau of the central Andes and its eastern margin, the Eastern Cordillera. We present new clumped isotope (Δ 47 ), δ 18 O, and δ 2 Η data from carbonate nodules, marlstone, spring deposits, and volcanic ashes from the Puna Plateau and Eastern Cordillera of NW Argentina. When combined with other geological evidence, our data indicate that the Puna Plateau was near its present elevation since at least~10 Ma, whereas the Eastern Cordillera rosẽ 1.5 km between~14 and~7 Ma. This history of uplift correlates with active shortening in the Eastern Cordillera and with incorporation of a regional foreland into the propagating orogenic wedge. Our study suggests that the elevation of the Puna Plateau changed little during the Miocene-Pliocene, whereas the margin experienced significant uplift associated with active deformation and crustal thickening.

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Quantifying the energy dissipation of overriding plate deformation in three‐dimensional subduction models

2015

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In a subduction system the force and the energy required to deform the overriding plate are generally thought to come from the negative buoyancy of the subducted slab and its potential energy, respectively. Such deformation might involve extension and back-arc basin formation or shortening and mountain building. How much of the slab's potential energy is consumed during overriding plate deformation remains unknown. In this work, we present dynamic three-dimensional laboratory experiments of progressive subduction with an overriding plate to quantify the force (F OPD ) that drives overriding plate deformation and the associated energy dissipation rate (Φ OPD ), and we compare them with the negative buoyancy (F BU ) of the subducted slab and its total potential energy release rate (Φ BU ), respectively. We varied the viscosity ratio between the plates and the sublithospheric upper mantle with η SP /η UM = 157-560 and the thickness of the overriding plate with T OP = 0.5-2.5 cm (scaling to 25-125 km in nature). The results show that F OPD /F BU has average values of 0.5-2.0%, with a maximum of 5.3%, and Φ OPD /Φ BU has average values of 0.05-0.30%, with a maximum of 0.41%. The results indicate that only a small portion of the negative buoyancy of the slab and its potential energy are used to deform the overriding plate. Our models also suggest that the force required to deform the overriding plate is of comparable magnitude as the ridge push force. Furthermore, we show that in subduction models with an overriding plate bending dissipation at the subduction zone hinge remains low (3-15% during steady state subduction).

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Tectonic shortening and crustal thickness in the Central Andes: How good is the correlation?

Cited by 271 publications

References 0 publications

Migrating deformation in the Central Andes from enhanced orographic rainfall

Migrating deformation in the Central Andes from enhanced orographic rainfall

Uplift of the Central Andes of NW Argentina associated with upper crustal shortening, revealed by multiproxy isotopic analyses

Quantifying the energy dissipation of overriding plate deformation in three‐dimensional subduction models

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