Technology Diffusion and Public Policy

Stoneman, Paul; Diederen, Paul

doi:10.2307/2234987

Cited by 201 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As an energy efficiency technology, HEVs also address positive externalities associated with resource management, the environment, and energy security, which are not taken into account by the market (Jaffe and Stavins 1994). In addition, HEVs face barriers to diffusion that are common to many new cost-saving technologies, such as high initial unit costs, lack of knowledge by potential adopters, high discount rates for future cost savings, and low consumer risk tolerance (Jaffe and Stavins 1994;Stoneman and Diederen 1994;Argote and Epple 1990). To account for these externalities and barriers to adoption, the U.S. Federal Government and many state governments have offered a variety of incentives and privileges to consumers who purchase hybrids and alternative fuel vehicles (U.S. Department of Energy 2007), one of the most notable being an exemptions from minimum vehicle occupancy requirements in High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) carpool lanes.…”

Section: Impact Of High Occupancy Vehicle (Hov) Lane Incentives For Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lane Incentives for Hybrids in Virginia

Diamond¹

2008

JPT

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Section: Impact Of High Occupancy Vehicle (Hov) Lane Incentives For Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lane Incentives for Hybrids in Virginia

Diamond¹

2008

JPT

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“…The evolutionary view, however, does not provide causalities to foresee determinants of the process and reliable guidelines for policymakers (Nelson 1995). For that reason, the question of how useful evolutionary theory is has been vividly discussed (Stoneman & Diederen 1994;Metcalfe 1994;Ruttan 1997;Dosi 1997). The message of evolutionary theory that decision-makers can choose cleaner technology is appealing as it suggests a steering capability.…”

Section: Evolutionary Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

An essay on innovations for sustainable development

Krozer¹,

Nentjes²

2006

Environmental Sciences

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Ongoing environmental innovation is the only way to reduce pressures on environmental qualities while maintaining income growth. However, the views on how to initiate and foster environmental innovations differ. In the essay we discuss three theoretical approaches. From neo-classical economic theory we distill the message that research and development of new technology thrive on economic incentives. The evolutionary theory describes patterns in technological development but in our view it exaggerates the importance of technological interlinkages that cause lock-in, as barriers to environmental innovation and it overlooks the organisational impediments within the firm. From the behavioural theory of the firm we learn that innovations can only get through in situations of urgency. The conclusion is that a strict environmental policy can create the sense of urgency and strong incentives for environmental innovation. Ambitious and inflexible targets at macro-level but flexibility at micro-level of the firm are unsurpassable as a policy to foster environmental innovation.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Para Cash (2001), los sistemas de extensión agrícola tienen dos retos comunes: vincular la ciencia a la toma de decisiones (horizontal), y la ciencia y la toma de decisiones a diferentes niveles de operación (vertical). El primer reto se relaciona con un enfoque lineal asociado a la perspectiva del cambio tecnológico (Stoneman and Diederen, 1994), mientras que el segundo tiene mayor relación con la innovación tecnológica bajo una orientación que Lundvall (2011) denomina sistema de innovación.A pesar de los diferentes enfoques existentes (lineal o sistémico), Reynolds et al (2012) mencionan que se requiere cerrar las brechas entre la investigación agrícola y las necesidades de las comunidades rurales. Para ello, dentro del sistema de extensión agrícola existen organizaciones intermediarias que tienen como objetivo central mantener vínculos que generen beneficios entre productores y usuarios del conocimiento.…”

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Modelos de intermediación en la extensión agrícola

Medel

Díaz-José

Hernández-Hernández

et al. 2018

Remexca

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ResumenEl servicio de extensión agrícola es uno de los principales vínculos entre la producción y el uso del conocimiento para la agricultura de los países en desarrollo. En la literatura, se han identificado agentes que actúan como intermediarios para vincular a dos o más actores que no se encuentran conectados. Sin embargo, pocos estudios abordan los mecanismos que éstos utilizan para intervenir y menos aún, una tipología que los caracterice e integre. Aplicando el concepto de intermediarios de la innovación, el propósito de este artículo fue develar los mecanismos que utiliza el extensionismo agrícola para articular la oferta y demanda de conocimiento e innovación. Para ello, se analizaron cuatro estudios de caso que emplearon diferentes estrategias de extensión. Los resultados indican que una caracterización de intermediarios se realiza por el nivel de participación en la toma de decisiones de los agricultores, la estrategia que utiliza el intermediario para orquestar el proceso de gestión de innovación, el contexto del sistema de producción en que se interviene y si el intermediario se orienta hacia la oferta, demanda o juega un papel neutral en ese proceso. A partir de ello, los intermediarios se clasificaron como gestores, mediadores, moderadores e implementadores, concluyendo que cada uno de ellos requiere recursos, soporte y evaluación de resultados de forma diferenciada en los procesos de extensión.Palabras clave: extensión agrícola, intermediarios de la innovación, orquestación de redes. AbstractAgricultural extension service is one of the main links between production and use of knowledge for agriculture in developing countries. In literature, have been identified agents that act as intermediaries to link two or more players who are not connected. However, few studies address the mechanisms that this uses to intervene and even less, a typology that characterizes and integrates them. Applying the concept of innovation intermediaries, the purpose of this article was to unravel the mechanisms used by agricultural extension to articulate offer and demand for knowledge and innovation. For this, four case studies that used different extension strategies were analyzed. The results indicate that a characterization of intermediates is performed by the level of participation in decisionmaking of farmers, the strategy that intermediaries use to orchestrate the process of managing innovation, the production system context in which intervene and if the intermediary is oriented toward offer, demand or play a neutral role in this process. From this, intermediaries were classified as managers, mediators, facilitators and implementers, concluding that each of them require resources, support and evaluation of results separately in the process of extension.Keywords: agricultural extension, innovation intermediaries, network orchestration. IntroducciónEl extensionismo agrícola con recursos públicos sigue siendo la principal fuente de información tecnológica e innovación para los pequeños agricultores de los países en d...

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Technology Diffusion and Public Policy

Cited by 201 publications

References 22 publications

Impact of High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lane Incentives for Hybrids in Virginia

Impact of High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lane Incentives for Hybrids in Virginia

An essay on innovations for sustainable development

Modelos de intermediación en la extensión agrícola

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