Technologies for the management of MSW incineration ashes from gas cleaning: New perspectives on recovery of secondary raw materials and circular economy

Quina, Margarida J.; Bontempi, Elza; Bogush, Anna; Schlumberger, Stefan; Weibel, Gisela; Braga, Roberto; Funari, Valerio; Hykš, Jiri; Rasmussen, Erik N.; Lederer, Jakob

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.150

Cited by 240 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Several technologies, such as cement based techniques, chemical stabilization treatments, washing [8] and thermal techniques have been proposed to treat FA [9]. In particular, in recent years, the idea to develop sustainable technologies for waste remediation, in the frame of Azure chemistry approach [10], has contributed to promote the use of by-products and waste materials, as stabilizing agents, instead of use natural resources [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Circular Economy Virtuous Example—Use of a Stabilized Waste Material Instead of Calcite to Produce Sustainable Composites

et al. 2020

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This work reports and analyzes the mechanical properties of some composites obtained using stabilized waste with epoxy resins E-227. For comparison, correspondent composite samples were realized using calcite as a filler. The recovered stabilized waste was obtained by means of a new method to stabilize municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA), based on the use of bottom ash (BA). The aim of this paper is to show that the stabilization process, which can be considered a zero—waste treatment, produces inert materials, that can be reused as a filler. The production of new filler was made on a pilot plant, designed to verify the transferability of the proposed stabilization technology. Mechanical analysis revealed that flexural modulus raises by increasing the filler content around 30% wt, independently of filler type, stabilized sample or calcium carbonate. Mechanical properties are lower in the samples with the high amount of filler due to the crowding effect. The morphology of composite materials showed a non-homogeneous dispersion of particles in stabilized sample filler, characterized by large particle agglomerates. Finally, according to the ESCAPE simplified method, the obtained composites result more sustainable in comparison with the corresponding ones produced by using natural resources (like calcite). These findings open new possibilities for the reuse of the stabilized material, in frame of circular economy principles, with environmental and economic advantages.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Circular Economy Virtuous Example—Use of a Stabilized Waste Material Instead of Calcite to Produce Sustainable Composites

et al. 2020

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“…The method relies on the application of an electric current to the waste material and the subsequent removal of heavy metal ions in the electric field [5]. Untreated and treated MSWI fly ashes have been tested in building materials in laboratory stage [7][8][9][10]. In [11] untreated Greenlandic MSWI fly and bottom ash were added in mortars as cement replacement, and it was concluded that up to 5% of ashes could be stabilized successfully in the mortar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodialytically treated MSWI fly ash use in clay bricks

Kirkelund

Skevi

Ottosen

2020

Construction and Building Materials

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Fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) is classified as hazardous waste, due to high heavy metal and salt content. Thus, beneficial use is restricted, and the fly ash hazardousness should be reduced before testing reuse options. Electrodialytic treatment can remove heavy metals and soluble salts and be used to decontaminate MSWI fly ash. In Greenland, MSWI fly ash is stored at uncontrolled disposal sites, and a more sustainable solution for handling fly ash is needed. At the same time, most construction materials are imported from Europe to Greenland, and increased use of local materials would greatly benefit the circular economy in the area. In this study, it was investigated if local Greenlandic resources could have potential in brickmaking. Two different clays; a Danish clay (used commercially in brick production) and one Greenlandic (not used commercially) and raw and electrodialytically treated MSWI fly ash from Sisimiut, Greenland were used. Small clay discs with a 0, 10, 20 and 30 % substitution of clay by MSWI fly ash were fired at 1000 º C for 24h. Substituting clay with fly ash generally resulted in lower technical properties of the clay discs. From this initial screening, the clay discs with electrodialytically treated fly ash and Greenlandic clay showed the lowest porosity and water absorption, which could be beneficial for use as construction material in cold climates.

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“…Indeed, it is quantitatively evaluated that the use of eco-friendly materials in place of existing construction materials significantly reduces carbon footprint and energy consumption [8,9]. A safe and rational utilization of industrial solid waste, such as fly ash, is an increasingly important environmental concern because its cumulative landfill deteriorates water and soil contamination [10]. In particular, carbonation reaction of such waste has been reported to promote heavy metal stabilization, as well as uptake of atmospheric CO 2 [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of CO2 Uptake and Mechanical Properties of Air Lime-Based Materials

2019

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In the cement industry, utilization of a sustainable binder that has a lower energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission than Portland cement is becoming increasingly important. Air lime is a binder that hardens by absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere, and its raw material, hydrated lime, is manufactured at a lower temperature (around 900 °C) than cement (around 1450 °C). In this study, the amount and rate of CO2 uptake by air lime-based materials are quantitatively evaluated under ambient curing conditions of 20 °C, 60% relative humidity, and 0.04% CO2 concentration. In addition, the effects of the water-to-binder ratio (w/b) and silica fume addition on the material properties of the air lime mortar, such as strength, weight change, carbonation depth, and pore structure, are investigated. Unlike hydraulic materials, such as Portland cement, the air lime mortar did not set and harden under a sealed curing condition, however, once exposed to dry air, the mortar began to harden by absorbing CO2. During the first week, most of the internal water evaporated, thus, the mortar weight was greatly reduced. After that, however, both the weight and the compressive strength consistently increased for at least 180 days due to the carbonation reaction. Based on the 91-day properties, replacing 10% of hydrated lime with silica fume improved the compressive and flexural strengths by 27% and 13% respectively, whereas increasing the w/b from 0.4 to 0.6 decreased both strengths by 29% due to the increased volume of the capillary pores. The addition of silica fume and the change in the w/b had no significant impact on the amount of CO2 uptake, but these two factors were effective in accelerating the CO2 uptake rate before 28 days. Lastly, the air lime-based material was evaluated to be capable of recovering half of the emitted CO2 during the manufacture of hydrated lime within 3 months.

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Technologies for the management of MSW incineration ashes from gas cleaning: New perspectives on recovery of secondary raw materials and circular economy

Cited by 240 publications

References 126 publications

A Circular Economy Virtuous Example—Use of a Stabilized Waste Material Instead of Calcite to Produce Sustainable Composites

A Circular Economy Virtuous Example—Use of a Stabilized Waste Material Instead of Calcite to Produce Sustainable Composites

Electrodialytically treated MSWI fly ash use in clay bricks

Quantitative Analysis of CO2 Uptake and Mechanical Properties of Air Lime-Based Materials

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