Technological Advances, Challenges and Opportunities in Solvent Extraction from Energy Storage Applications

Cohen, L. C.; McCallum, Tyler; Tinkler, Owen; Szolga, William

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95022-8_170

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Lithium is extracted after removing calcium and magnesium and separating sodium and potassium. One of the concerns in the application of SX is the reagent's cost range from $2,000 to 3,500/MT LCE (Metric Ton Lithium Carbonate Equivalent) [10]. Moreover, using a large volume of organic solvents might have an adverse environmental impact due to the chemical's toxicity, corrosiveness, volatile nature, and flammability [11].…”

Section: Solvent Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Extraction Method from Geothermal Brine to Find Suitable Method for Geothermal Fields in Indonesia: A Review

Suud

Suryantini²,

Mubarok³

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Lithium has become an essential metal for modern industries. Specifically, the growth of battery-based electric vehicles will demand much more lithium shortly. Many studies have been conducted to find the sources of lithium; one of them is geothermal brine. Indonesia has enormous geothermal resources; some fields have lithium content that can potentially be extracted. Various methods in the extraction process of lithium from the geothermal brine have been developed, both on laboratory and pilot projects. Conventionally, solar evaporation has been used to concentrate lithium from brine, but it takes a long time and depends on the weather. Thus, a more rapid and selective process is desired to fulfill the market demand and avoid weather constraints. This paper reviews the lithium extraction from the geothermal brine by direct extraction methods using solvent extraction, adsorption and ion exchange, membrane, and electrodialysis. The study is based on a desktop study and aims to summarize the knowledge, method, technology, and techniques of lithium extraction from geothermal brine that has already been used and to find out which extraction method is suitable for the Indonesian geothermal field. Multiple-stages solvent extraction from geothermal brine well X in Dieng performed by the authors demonstrated a lithium extraction efficiency of 94% and indicated an opportunity to be further investigated to extract lithium from the Dieng geothermal brine.

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Section: Solvent Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Extraction Method from Geothermal Brine to Find Suitable Method for Geothermal Fields in Indonesia: A Review

Suud

Suryantini²,

Mubarok³

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…Understanding the chemistry on a qualitative basis will already help to determine the direction of the experiments, but a quantitative predictive model seems necessary to significantly reduce the amount of experimental work. Quantitative models can be generated by fitting solvent extraction data with purely mathematical expressions, but this strictly empirical approach has little predictive power. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Modeling of Salting Effects in Solvent Extraction of Cobalt(II) from Chloride Media by the Basic Extractant Methyltrioctylammonium Chloride

Lommelen

Binnemans

2021

ACS Omega

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The design and optimization of solvent extraction processes for metal separations are challenging tasks due to the large number of adjustable parameters. A quantitative predictive solvent extraction model could help to determine the optimal parameters for solvent extraction flow sheets, but such predictive models are not available yet. The main difficulties for such models are the large deviations from ideal thermodynamic behavior in both the aqueous and organic phases due to high solute concentrations. We constructed a molecular thermodynamic model for the extraction of CoCl 2 from different chloride salts by 0.2 mol L –1 trioctylmethylammonium chloride in toluene using the OLI mixed-solvent electrolyte (OLI-MSE) framework. This was accomplished by analyzing the water and hydrochloric acid content of the organic phase, measuring the water activity of the system, and using metal complex speciation and solvent extraction data. The full extractant concentration range cannot be modeled by the OLI-MSE framework as this framework lacks a description for reversed micelle formation. Nevertheless, salting effects and the behavior of hydrochloric acid can be accurately described with the presented extraction model, without determining specific Co(II)–salt cation interaction parameters. The resulting model shows that the salting effects originate from indirect salt cation–solvent interactions that influence the availability of water in the aqueous and organic phases.

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“…Solvent extraction is another promising method. 22 This technology also shows higher selectivity for Li over other monovalent ions such as sodium and potassium ions. On the other hand, divalent ions, such as magnesium and calcium, should be removed, and Li should be preconcentrated prior to the solvent extraction step to maintain the efficiency of the process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solvent extraction is another promising method . This technology also shows higher selectivity for Li over other monovalent ions such as sodium and potassium ions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, divalent ions, such as magnesium and calcium, should be removed, and Li should be preconcentrated prior to the solvent extraction step to maintain the efficiency of the process. Tenova has its own process to extract Li by solvent extraction and electrolysis, , however, for produced water from oil fields because the Li concentration needs to be elevated to a certain degree, the divalent ions need to be removed before solvent extraction, and organic impurities can have a significant negative impact on the efficiency of solvent extraction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithium Recovery from Oil and Gas Produced Water: A Need for a Growing Energy Industry

et al. 2019

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Technological Advances, Challenges and Opportunities in Solvent Extraction from Energy Storage Applications

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Lithium Extraction Method from Geothermal Brine to Find Suitable Method for Geothermal Fields in Indonesia: A Review

Lithium Extraction Method from Geothermal Brine to Find Suitable Method for Geothermal Fields in Indonesia: A Review

Thermodynamic Modeling of Salting Effects in Solvent Extraction of Cobalt(II) from Chloride Media by the Basic Extractant Methyltrioctylammonium Chloride

Lithium Recovery from Oil and Gas Produced Water: A Need for a Growing Energy Industry

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