F or decades, blood pressure (BP) measurement at a physician's office has been considered the cornerstone in the diagnosis and management of hypertension. However, BP measurement by a physician may induce an alerting reaction in the patient, which is manifest by a transient increase in BP, usually called the "white-coat effect" (WCE).1 WCE could possibly impair the appropriateness of clinical evaluations and decision making (e.g., overdiagnosis, underestimate of effectiveness, use of unnecessary medication).It is important to differentiate between the WCE (isolated increase in BP, expressed in millimeters mercury [mm Hg]) and white-coat hypertension (WCH), defined as a condition in which office BP is persistently elevated (equal to or greater than 140/90 mm Hg), while out-of-office BP is within the normal range (less than 135/85 mm Hg). Thus, the WCE and WCH are different entities.The problem of the WCE can be overcome with the use of out-of-office BP measurements, such as either ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) or home BP monitoring (HBPM).
2Compared with BP measurement at a physician's office, both ABPM and HBPM provide a greater number of BP readings in more realistic circumstances and may lead to an improved assessment of patients' ''true'' BP levels. Additionally, these approaches show a better correlation with target organ damage (e.g., carotid atherosclerosis) and better predict cardiovascular events, such as nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or death.3-5 Moreover, the ABPM register provides extensive information on several BP parameters, including average BP (daytime, nighttime, 24 hours), BP variability, morning BP surge, or nocturnal fall in BP, among others. For these reasons, ABPM, as the reference, and HBPM, as a complement, are currently considered valuable methods in the diagnosis and management of hypertension. 2,[6][7][8][9] Despite its usefulness, ABPM is not available for the entire hypertensive population. On the other hand, although HBPM is cheaper and more widely available than ABPM, this method may not be recommended in some situations, such as learning disability, risk of anxiety and excessive monitoring, risk of treatment changes without doctor's guidance, or questionable reliability of BP values reported by patients. In these cases, it would be desirable to have an alternative that can provide valuable information for clinical decision making.Theoretically, BP measurement by community pharmacists presents certain key advantages, making it of particular interest. These advantages include (a) the availability of multiple BP readings due to the accessibility of the pharmacy and (b) the presence of a health care professional, who can select appropriate (clinically validated) measurement devices and supervise the measurement conditions. Moreover, patients commonly check BP at community pharmacies, 10 and taking BP measurements in this setting is recommended by some scientific hypertension societies, such as those in Canada (Canadian Hypertension Education Program Implementation...