Teacher Reporting Attitudes Scale (TRAS)

Abstract

The Teacher Reporting Attitude Scale (TRAS) is a newly developed tool to assess teachers' attitudes toward reporting child abuse and neglect. This article reports on an investigation of the factor structure and psychometric properties of the short form Malay version of the TRAS. A self-report crosssectional survey was conducted with 667 teachers in 14 randomly selected schools in Selangor state, Malaysia. Analyses were conducted in a 3-stage process using both confirmatory (stages 1 and 3) and exploratory factor analyses (stage 2) to test, modify, and confirm the underlying factor structure of the TRAS in a non-Western teacher sample. Confirmatory factor analysis did not support a 3-factor model previously reported in the original TRAS study. Exploratory factor analysis revealed an 8-item, 4-factor structure. Further confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated appropriateness of the 4-factor structure. Reliability estimates for the four factors-commitment, value, concern, and confidence-were moderate. The modified short form Article 232 Journal of Interpersonal Violence 28(2)TRAS (Malay version) has potential to be used as a simple tool for relatively quick assessment of teachers' attitudes toward reporting child abuse and neglect. Cross-cultural differences in attitudes toward reporting may exist and the transferability of newly developed instruments to other populations should be evaluated.

Indonesian version of FASER LX scale to measure Learner Experience: A validation study

“…In this condition, EFA was carried out to identify the factor structure which fit the data better [44]. The use of CFA as the initial step of testing, followed by EFA to identify the structure of the factors that display data like this has been done in previous studies on the Teacher Reporting Attitude Scale [28] and Disease Impact on Daily Life [38]. Findings of this stage indicated a newly factor structure consisted of five factors solution.…”

“…Modification of scale is needed to ensure a better understanding of the targeted population [27], before widely used in other cultural context [28]. This study modifies the scale to provide Indonesian version of it.…”

“…This study modifies the scale to provide Indonesian version of it. To increase the content validity, this study applies three steps: back translation [29] that consists of forward translation and backward translation [30], preliminary test, and field test [28]. After being translated, a target population review to improve the suitability of the instrument and ensure that this instrument can easily be understood by the observed population [31] is applied.…”

“…A small preliminary test was then conducted [28]. In this phase, 40 respondents [32] were involved to fill out the questionnaire with additional open ended questions to accommodate suggestions for questionnaire.…”

“…In this phase, 40 respondents [32] were involved to fill out the questionnaire with additional open ended questions to accommodate suggestions for questionnaire. Preliminary tests were carried out to improve the clarity of items, measure processing time, and reduce the burden on respondents when filling out questionnaires during field testing [28]. Inputs obtained from the target population review and preliminary tests were considered to improve the questionnaire that will be used in field test.…”