Targeted smoking cessation for dual users of combustible and electronic cigarettes: a randomised controlled trial

Abstract

Background Although many smokers use electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) to quit smoking, most continue to smoke while vaping. This dual use might delay cessation and increase toxicant exposure. We aimed to test the efficacy of a self-help intervention designed to help dual users to quit smoking.Methods In this three-arm randomised controlled trial we recruited individuals in the USA using Facebook and multimedia advertisements. Included participants were 18 years or older, smoked at least weekly in the preceding year, and vaped at least weekly in the preceding month. We used computer generated randomisation with balancedpermuted blocks (block size 10, with 2-4-4 ratio) to allocate participants to assessment only (ASSESS group), generic smoking cessation self-help booklets (GENERIC group), or booklets targeting dual users (eTARGET group). Individuals in the generic or targeted intervention groups received monthly cessation materials for 18 months, with assessments every 3 months for 24 months. The main outcome was self-reported 7-day point-prevalence smoking abstinence at each assessment point. All randomly allocated participants were included in primary analyses using generalised estimating equations for each of 20 datasets created by multiple imputation. Analysis of the χ²s produced an F test. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02416011, and is now closed.

Longer-term use of electronic cigarettes when provided as a stop smoking aid: Systematic review with meta-analyses

“…we did not combine comparative data from RCTs with data from uncontrolled intervention studies) (Hartmann-Boyce et al, 2021). Products could either be provided by the study or bought independently by the participants with the exception of Martinez et al, 2021 where participants used their own e-cigarettes.…”

“…Another study recruited dual users at baseline (Martinez et al, 2021). This study tested a behavioural intervention where participants were provided with self-help booklets, specifically targeting dual users that encouraged them to use their e-cigarettes.…”

“…See Table 2 for risk of bias summaries, which presents the review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study. Overall, we judged five of the included studies to be at low risk of bias (Bullen et al, 2013;Cobb et al, 2021;Hajek et al, 2019;Lee et al, 2018;Martinez et al, 2021) across all domains assessed. Selection bias was only relevant for the studies with more than one arm, of these only (Dawkins et al, 2020) was at high risk of bias and (Russell et al, 2021) was at unclear risk of bias.…”

Identifying prospective subpopulations of combustible and electronic cigarette dual users in the United States via finite mixture modeling

“…This secondary analysis used baseline data from participants enrolled in a RCT evaluating the efficacy of a targeted, research-based, selfhelp smoking cessation intervention for dual users [13,14]. Participants were recruited nationally, primarily via online advertisements, for a study measuring attitudes and behaviors regarding cigarettes and e-cigarettes.…”

Sigara İçen Ergenlerde Masa Oyunu ve Tütün Bırakma Eğitiminin Nikotin Bağımlılığı Üzerine Etkisinin Karşılaştırılması

“…TTM is a proven model for smoking cessation when used according to the change stages (8). However, these techniques have been reported to have limited success in quitting smoking (9). This has led to the use of different techniques.…”