Targeted environmental monitoring for the effects of medicines used to treat sea-lice infestation on farmed fish

Davies, Ian; Rodger, Gillian; Redshaw, John; Stagg, R.

doi:10.1006/jmsc.2000.1040

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…and Argulus sp. (SCHOLZ, 1999;DAVIES et al, 2001;COSTELLO et al, 2001;SCHALCH et al, 2005). As a growth regulator, DFB inhibits the synthesis of chitin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACUTE TOXICITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK OF DIFLUBENZURON TO Daphnia magna, Poecilia reticulata AND Lemna minor IN THE ABSENCE AND PRESENCE OF SEDIMENT

Souza

Medeiros

Winkaler

et al. 2011

PES

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Parasitoses in fi sh farming are treated by the application of pesticides formulations commonly used in agriculture or veterinary medicine. For the control of ectoparasites, that cause economic losses to the fi sh production Difl ubenzuron is utilized by direct application into water at a 2 mg.L -1 concentration. However, this practice can intoxicate nontarget species. This research aimed at determining the acute toxicity of difl ubenzuron to Daphnia magna, Poecilia reticulata and Lemna minor; evaluating its environmental risk and defi ning the role of the sediment in the bioavailability of this insecticide in the water. Results of the study implicate difl ubenzuron as being extremely toxic to D. magna. However, no signifi cant toxicity was observed in P. reticulata and L. minor. Bioavailability of this insecticide was signifi cantly reduced by the presence of sediment in the water.

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“…and Argulus sp. (SCHOLZ, 1999;DAVIES et al, 2001;COSTELLO et al, 2001;SCHALCH et al, 2005). As a growth regulator, DFB inhibits the synthesis of chitin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACUTE TOXICITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK OF DIFLUBENZURON TO Daphnia magna, Poecilia reticulata AND Lemna minor IN THE ABSENCE AND PRESENCE OF SEDIMENT

Souza

Medeiros

Winkaler

et al. 2011

PES

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“…Investigators, such as Davies et al (2001), have indicated that GST enzymes may act as a suitable indicator of exposure to CP within an enzyme-detoxification system. Increases in GST enzyme activity and effects on lipids at 8 μg of CP kg of sediment have been observed in this study after the amphipods were exposed for 2 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AP assessment through responses at the biochemical level can be a tool to measure the effects at a lower level of organization on nontarget organisms, which may respond to chemotherapies performed by the salmon industry (Davies et al 2001 ). In our study, the role played by GST enzyme activity in the detoxifying process of the species M. insidiosum shows significant increases in the antioxidant defense against EB pesticide during 2 and 10 days of exposure (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toxicological assessments through the use of bioassays, combined with appropriate biomarkers on marine organisms, can result in a satisfactory method for monitoring AP (Davies et al 2001 ). Biomarkers allow for assessing responses at the biochemical level by providing an early warning of the potential effects of a chemical product on living organisms (Payne et al 1987 ) and are thus an assessment tool for contaminated areas (Chiang et al 2011 ; Díaz-Jaramillo et al 2013b ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Toxic Effects of Antiparasitic Pesticides Used by the Salmon Industry in the Marine Amphipod Monocorophium insidiosum

Tucca

Díaz-Jaramillo

Cruz

et al. 2014

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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The use of antiparasitic pesticides (APs) has been widely required by the salmon industry to treat diseases. The direct emission of chemicals in the seawater has produced uncertainty about the potential effects on nontarget organisms, such as crustaceans. The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of three APs used by the salmon farm industry, such as emamectin benzoate (EB), cypermethrin (CP), and deltamethrin (DE), in the amphipod Monocorophium insidiosum during 10 days through whole-sediment bioassay tests. Lethal concentration by 50 % (LC50–10d) and biochemical responses, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), were measured as exposure and effects end points, respectively. Acute assays for DE (7.8 μg kg−1, confidence interval, CI95% 5–11) and CP (57 μg kg−1, CI95% 41–77) showed more mortality than EB (890 μg kg−1, CI95% 672–1,171). In this study, it was possible to observe sublethal responses in amphipods after 2 days of exposure to APs. Significant induction in GST and TBARS (p < 0.05) were measured for CP and EB. Lower DE concentrations showed no significant biochemical responses. M. insidiosum was sensitive to AP concentrations at μg kg−1 in sediments. This information would allow considering the possible consequences of detected concentrations for APs in areas with intensive salmon farming activity.

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“…Sea lice infestations represent the most significant disease problem currently affecting the aquaculture of salmon, turbot and trout [3]. Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) and synthetic pyrethroid pesticides (Pyrs) are active ingredients commonly used in commercial formulations (Table 1) to control different infestations in farmed fish [4,5]. When fish are immersed in a bath containing chemotherapeutic agents, pesticide residues are released directly into the marine environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of trace levels of aquaculture chemotherapeutants in seawater samples by SPME‐GC‐MS/MS

García-Rodríguez

Carro

Lorenzo

et al. 2008

J of Separation Science

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A sensitive and efficient solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method for the determination of organophosphorous (OPPs) and pyrethroid pesticides (Pyrs) in aquaculture-seawater samples by using GC with MS/MS (GC-MS/MS) was developed. Dichlorvos and chlorpyrifos (OPPs); permethrin, alpha-cypermethrin and deltamethrin (Pyrs) were selected according to their use as chemotherapeutants in the aquaculture industry. Different parameters affecting extraction efficiency such as fibre coating, agitation, pH and extraction time profiles were investigated. An experimental central composite design (alpha = 1) and desirability functions were used for the simultaneous optimization of extraction temperature and sample volume. Finally, a method based on direct SPME in 40 min at 75 degrees C using 100-microm-thick poly(dimethyl)siloxane (PDMS) fibre and 20 mL of sample volume is proposed. The method was validated, exhibiting good linearity, precision and accuracy parameters with picogram per millilitre LODs. The proposed methodology was applied to determine the ultratrace levels of OPPs and Pyrs in aquaculture-seawater samples by the standard addition approach, which proved to be reliable and sensitive, in addition to requiring only small amounts of sample.

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Targeted environmental monitoring for the effects of medicines used to treat sea-lice infestation on farmed fish

Cited by 22 publications

References 61 publications

ACUTE TOXICITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK OF DIFLUBENZURON TO Daphnia magna, Poecilia reticulata AND Lemna minor IN THE ABSENCE AND PRESENCE OF SEDIMENT

ACUTE TOXICITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK OF DIFLUBENZURON TO Daphnia magna, Poecilia reticulata AND Lemna minor IN THE ABSENCE AND PRESENCE OF SEDIMENT

Toxic Effects of Antiparasitic Pesticides Used by the Salmon Industry in the Marine Amphipod Monocorophium insidiosum

Determination of trace levels of aquaculture chemotherapeutants in seawater samples by SPME‐GC‐MS/MS

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