Taperas e suas plantas: etnobotânica dos antigos assentamentos humanos

Ethnobotany approach taperas of maroon communities of Alcântara, Maranhão, Brazil

“…Contrary to this expectation, in a survey conducted with useful plants in Taperas in rural areas in the states of Minas Gerais, the Federal District, São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul and Rio Grande do Sul, realize that the vast majority of the plants were intentionally introduced, however, some species are ruderal, or follow the man as invasive of their agricultural areas. 4 As the plant parts used, the sheet is 50%, followed by seeds and roots with their 16.66%, flower with 8.33%, the other plant parts added together, represent 12.5% of the parts used in the preparation of home remedies. However, the predominance in the use of the sheet, or shell, often save a relationship with the occurrence environment of these plants, thus in general, other plant parts such as flower and fruit subject to seasonality.…”

“…3 From the point of view of the relationship that man keeps with the environment, it is worth remembering that to settle in places considered safe and rich in water, wildlife and other natural resources, provided the man try and enter in the areas surrounding native vegetation, or even by removing the forest, some plants of which became dependent. 4 Nevertheless, the relevance of useful plants in human occupations occurs in plants found in ancient sites whose use was discontinued, leaving at most archaeological remains and plant samples of the species previously used. 4 Among the spontaneous plants living in the media created by human dwellings and outbuildings, are calls, ruderal, referring to the vegetation growing in the streets, on roofs, in ruins, on gravel, removed land, among other environments provided by man.…”

“…4 Nevertheless, the relevance of useful plants in human occupations occurs in plants found in ancient sites whose use was discontinued, leaving at most archaeological remains and plant samples of the species previously used. 4 Among the spontaneous plants living in the media created by human dwellings and outbuildings, are calls, ruderal, referring to the vegetation growing in the streets, on roofs, in ruins, on gravel, removed land, among other environments provided by man. 5 Nevertheless, in the municipality of Alcántara, State of Maranhão, Brazil, the quilombola communities called the ruins, abandoned houses and debris at Taperas name, plus the category covering the "masters, " that is, referring to the former owners, as white shack, indian shack, etc.…”

Reserva Biológica Estadual Mata Paludosa: paisagem, memória e patrimônio natural

“…A discussão sobre paisagem cultural, se ampliada por meio de pesquisas multidisciplinares sobre a biologia de invasões de ecossistemas naturais por vegetação exótica, poderá incluir o mapeamento das taperas 6 e da composição de plantas em relação à distribuição das invasoras. Dessa forma, há como correlacionar os fatores históricos da ocupação humana com a dinâmica das invasões, fomentando ações para o manejo das espécies exóticas e, consequentemente, para a redução dos impactos sobre a biodiversidade (PAIVA; SANTOS, 2006). Nessa perspectiva, o ambiente natural transformado é tido como um sítio cultural que exibe características sociais humanas, representando uma adaptação dialética entre a cultura e a natureza (DESCOLA, 1994).…”

“…Entre elas está a necessidade de estabelecimento dos planos de controle e erradicação de espécies exóticas invasoras, como Hovenia dulcis (figura 5), e o incentivo à desburocratização para a retirada de tais espécies. Santos (2006), o movimento de espécies exóticas entre as barreiras geográficas impostas pelos continentes e sua consequente chegada ao Brasil datam do período de ocupação portuguesa. Esses autores acrescentam que os colonizadores trouxeram e partilharam a cultura europeia de cultivos alimentares, combinada com algumas influências ameríndias, africanas, árabes, indianas, chinesas, japonesas e indonésias, absorvidas nas navegações colonialistas dos primeiros séculos.…”