Talking about cross-talk: the immune system and the microbiome

Zeevi, David; Korem, Tal; Segal, Eran

doi:10.1186/s13059-016-0921-4

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Several studies have demonstrated a close interaction between microbiota and innate immune-cell components [for reviews, see [196][197][198][199][200]. The individual composition of the microbiota thus adds another layer of complexity in the regulation and function of the innate immune system [196,[201][202][203][204] in both health and disease [196,205,206] . Seminal findings support an impact of the microbiome on (i) innate immune cells (neutrophils [36,207] , DCs [208][209][210][211][212][213][214][215][216][217] , macrophages [218][219][220] , ILCs [198,[221][222][223][224][225] , NK cells [226] , and NKT cells [227] ), (ii) the complement system [228] , and (iii) defensins [196,229,230] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Innate Immunity: An Old Game with New Players

et al. 2016

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Innate immunity is a rapidly evolving field with novel cell types and molecular pathways being discovered and paradigms changing continuously. Innate and adaptive immune responses are traditionally viewed as separate from each other, but emerging evidence suggests that they overlap and mutually interact. Recently discovered cell types, particularly innate lymphoid cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, are gaining increasing attention. Here, we summarize and highlight current concepts in the field, focusing on innate immune cells as well as the inflammasome and DNA sensing which appear to be critical for the activation and orchestration of innate immunity, and may provide novel therapeutic opportunities for treating autoimmune, autoinflammatory, and infectious diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Innate Immunity: An Old Game with New Players

et al. 2016

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“…The immune system functions in many axes. Crosstalk between the neutrophils and lymphocytes (37) as well as the microbiome and the immune system is a common phenomenon (38). Also, stimulation of the immune system with these vaccines would efficiently build a defense, crosstalk, and "chaos" (39) in the frontline, which would strengthen the immune system for SARS-Co-2 infections.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considering Interim Interventions to Control COVID-19 Associated Morbidity and Mortality—Perspectives

Arokiaraj

2020

Front. Public Health

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Aims and objectives: The pandemic of COVID-19 is evolving worldwide, and it is associated with high mortality and morbidity. There is a growing need to discuss the elements of a coordinated strategy to control the spread and mitigate the severity of COVID-19. H1N1 and Streptococcus pneumonia vaccines are available. The current analysis was performed to analyze the severity of COVID-19 and influenza (H1N1) vaccination in adults ≥ 65. Also, to correlate the lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs), and influenza attributable to the lower respiratory tract infections' incidence with Covid-19 mortality. Evolutionarily influenza is close in resemblance to SARS-CoV-2 viruses and shares some common epitopes and mechanisms. Methods: Recent influenza vaccination data of 34 countries from OECD and other publications were correlated with COVID-19 mortality from worldometer data. LRIs attributable to influenza and streptococcus pneumonia were correlated with COVID-19 mortality. Specifically, influenza-attributable LRI incidence data of various countries (n = 182) was correlated with COVID-19 death by linear regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyzes. In a logistic regression model, population density and influenza LRI incidence were correlated with COVID-19 mortality. Results: There is a correlation between COVID-19-related mortality, morbidity, and case incidence and the status of influenza vaccination, which appears protective. The tendency of correlation is increasingly highlighted as the pandemic is evolving. In countries where influenza immunization is less common, there is a correlation between LRIs and influenza attributable to LRI incidence and COVID-19 severity, which is beneficial. ROC curve showed an area under the curve of 0.86 (CI 0.78 to 0.944, P < 0.0001) to predict COVID-19 mortality >150/million and a decreasing trend of influenza LRI episodes. To predict COVID-19 mortality of >200/million population, the odds ratio for influenza incidence/100,000 was −1.86 (CI −2.75 to −0.96, P < 0.0001). To predict the parameter Covid-19 mortality/influenza LRI episodes * 1000>1000, the influenza parameter had an odd's ratio of −3.83 (CI −5.98 to −1.67), and an AUC of 0.94. Arokiaraj Influenza Reduces COVID-19 Severity Conclusion: Influenza (H1N1) vaccination can be used as an interim measure to mitigate the severity of COVID-19 in the general population. In appropriate highrisk circumstances, Streptococcus pneumonia vaccination would also be an adjunct strategy, especially in countries with a lower incidence of LRIs.

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“…They play a role in the development of mucosal and systemic immunity and are also involved in host liver disease (Lu et al, 2011; Qin et al, 2014; Chen et al, 2016). Intestinal dysbiosis not only disturbs intestinal immune homeostasis but can also cause immune dysfunction of other non-enteric organs (Jiang et al, 2011; Smolinska and O’Mahony, 2016; Zeevi et al, 2016), which is associated with the induction and progression of liver damage (Garcia-Tsao and Wiest, 2004; Ren et al, 2013). Although liver disease is not necessarily a consequence of these disruptions, diseases of the liver always result in downstream intestinal microbiome and immune dysbiosis (Qin et al, 2014; Lv et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Microbiome Data Distinguish Liver Recipients With Normal and Abnormal Liver Function From Healthy Controls

Lü

Ren

et al. 2019

Front. Microbiol.

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Emerging evidence suggests that altered intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases, mainly by promoting inflammation via the “intestinal microbiota-immunity-liver” axis. We aimed to investigate the fecal microbiome of liver recipients with abnormal/normal liver function using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal samples were collected from 90 liver recipients [42 with abnormal liver function (Group LT_A) and 48 with normal liver function (Group LT_N)] and 61 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs). Fecal microbiomes were analyzed for comparative composition, diversity, and richness of microbial communities. Principal coordinates analysis successfully distinguished the fecal microbiomes of recipients in Group LT_A from healthy subjects, with the significant decrease of fecal microbiome diversity in recipients in Group LT_A. Other than a higher relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens such as Klebsiella and Escherichia / Shigella in all liver recipients, the main difference in gut microbiome composition between liver recipients and HC was the lower relative abundance of beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria in the recipients. Importantly, we established a fecal microbiome index (specific alterations in Staphylococcus and Prevotella ) that could be used to distinguish Group LT_A from Group LT_N, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.801 and sensitivity and specificity values of 0.771 and 0.786, respectively. These findings revealed unique gut microbial characteristics of liver recipients with abnormal and normal liver functions, and identified fecal microbial risk indicators of abnormal liver function in liver recipients.

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Talking about cross-talk: the immune system and the microbiome

Abstract: A report on the first EMBO conference entitled “Next Gen Immunology—From Host Genome to the Microbiome: Immunity in the Genomic Era”, held at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, 14–16 February, 2016.

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Cellular Innate Immunity: An Old Game with New Players

Cellular Innate Immunity: An Old Game with New Players

Considering Interim Interventions to Control COVID-19 Associated Morbidity and Mortality—Perspectives

Fecal Microbiome Data Distinguish Liver Recipients With Normal and Abnormal Liver Function From Healthy Controls

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