Talaromyces marneffei Outside Endemic Areas in India: an Emerging Infection with Atypical Clinical Presentations and Review of Published Reports from India

Sethuraman, Nandini; Thirunarayan, M A; Gopalakrishnan, Ram; Rudramurthy, Shivaprakash M; Ramasubramanian, V; Parameswaran, Ashok

doi:10.1007/s11046-019-00420-0

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Six decades ago, Penicillium marneffei was described as a novel pathogen, but since several years it is grouped as the sole pathogenic and dimorphic species within the genus Talaromyces [ 28 , 29 ]. The history of T. marneffei was recently extensively reviewed [ 27 ], but it deserves attention in this special issue as Sethuraman and co-workers reported five apparent autochthonous cases among patients with different underlying disorders that lived outside the endemic region [ 30 ]. This highlights that the current map of endemic mycoses needs to be redrawn, not only for T. marneffei but also for Blastomyces , Coccidioides , Histoplasma , and Paracoccidioides as their incidence and geographic range has changed [ 31 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection and Control of Fungal Outbreaks

et al. 2020

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confidence: 99%

Detection and Control of Fungal Outbreaks

et al. 2020

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“…Hong Kong, Thailand, Vietnam, Taiwan, China, Laos, Cambodia, Philippines', Malaysia, Myanmar and northeast India. Majority of the cases (53) in India have originated from Manipur state in NE India [8], [26], [28], [33]. Twelve autochthonous cases have been reported from Assam [3].…”

Section: A Geographic Distribution Of Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9], [19]. [21], [24], [25], [28], [33], a state bordering Manipur and a few cases in other NE states, viz. Nagaland -1 [18] Mizoram-2 [18], [30], and Meghalaya-1 [8], Sikkim-1 [28].…”

Section: A Geographic Distribution Of Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21], [24], [25], [28], [33], a state bordering Manipur and a few cases in other NE states, viz. Nagaland -1 [18] Mizoram-2 [18], [30], and Meghalaya-1 [8], Sikkim-1 [28]. Cases reported from other parts of India include two each from Kerala [27] [31] and Maharashtra [2] [34], and one from Delhi [35], In one additional case, there was history of travel to northeast India without mention of the specific state [28].…”

Section: A Geographic Distribution Of Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of Talaromycosis (Penicilliosis) Marneffei in India: An Update

Gugnani

Sood

2020

EJMED

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Talaromycosis marneffei (Penicilliosis marneffei) caused by a thermally dimorphic fungus, Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei is emerging as an important systemic opportunistic mycosis in HIV infected patients in several countries in Southeast Asia and in northeast India. This study presents an update on epidemiological and clinical aspects of talaromycosis marneffiei in India. A thorough search of literature was done in Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar, for accessing relevant data. Fifty-three cases of this disease have originated from the Manipur State. Several cases have been reported from Assam, a few are also known from Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Delhi and Maharashtra. Clinical manifestations of disseminated infection in AIDS patients are fever, anemia, weight loss, weakness, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, respiratory signs, and characteristic skin lesions. The bamboo rat (Cannomys badius) has been found to be a natural host of Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei in Manipur. It is noteworthy that one of the ten T. marneffei isolates from bamboo rats shared the genotype with a human isolate from that area providing evidence for common source of infection for the rats and humans and host to host transmission. Natural reservoir of T. marneffei has not been established, though it has been demonstrated that the fungus can survive in sterile soil for several weeks, but only for a few days in unsterile soil. There is need for comprehensive investigation of T. marneffei infection in humans, and for occurrence of the fungus in bamboo rats and in soils of the rat burrows in India employing conventional and molecular techniques.

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“…The thermally dimorphic fungus Talaromyces marneffei (previously Penicillium marneffei ) causes disseminated mycosis affecting immunocompromised patients living in endemic areas including Southeast Asia, China and the Indian subcontinent [ 1 , 2 ]. In Thailand and Hong Kong, the prevalence of talaromycosis (penicilliosis marneffei) is surpassed only by that of tuberculosis, cryptococcosis and pneumocystis pneumonia [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An inexpensive point-of-care immunochromatographic test for Talaromyces marneffei infection based on the yeast phase specific monoclonal antibody 4D1 and Galanthus nivalis agglutinin

et al. 2021

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Talaromyces marneffei is a thermally dimorphic fungus that causes opportunistic systemic mycoses in patients with AIDS or other immunodeficiency syndromes. The purpose of this study was to develop an immunochromatographic strip test (ICT) based on a solid phase sandwich format immunoassay for the detection of T. marneffei antigens in clinical urine specimens. The T. marneffei yeast phase specific monoclonal antibody 4D1 (MAb4D1) conjugated with colloidal gold nanoparticle was used as a specific signal reporter. Galanthus nivalis Agglutinin (GNA) was adsorbed onto nitrocellulose membrane to serve as the test line. Similarly, a control line was created above the test line by immobilization of rabbit anti-mouse IgG. The immobilized GNA served as capturing molecule and as non-immune mediated anti-terminal mannose of T. marneffei antigenic mannoprotein. The MAb4D1–GNA based ICT showed specific binding activity with yeast phase antigen of T. marneffei, and it did not react with other common pathogenic fungal antigens. The limit of detection of this ICT for T. marneffei antigen spiked in normal urine was approximately 0.6 μg/ml. The diagnostic performance of the ICT was validated using 341 urine samples from patents with culture- confirmed T. marneffei infection and from a control group of healthy individuals and patients with other infections in an endemic area. The ICT exhibited 89.47% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 97.65% accuracy. Our results demonstrate that the urine-based GNA–MAb4D1 based ICT produces a visual result within 30 minutes and that the test is highly specific for the diagnosis of T. marneffei infection. The findings validate the deployment of the ICT for clinical use.

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Talaromyces marneffei Outside Endemic Areas in India: an Emerging Infection with Atypical Clinical Presentations and Review of Published Reports from India

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Detection and Control of Fungal Outbreaks

Detection and Control of Fungal Outbreaks

Epidemiology of Talaromycosis (Penicilliosis) Marneffei in India: An Update

An inexpensive point-of-care immunochromatographic test for Talaromyces marneffei infection based on the yeast phase specific monoclonal antibody 4D1 and Galanthus nivalis agglutinin

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