Tailoring the Surface Properties of Micro/Nanofibers Using 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D Nanostructures: A Review on Post‐Modification Methods

Abstract

Micro‐ and nanofibers produced by electrospinning and solution blow spinning (SBS) are highly suitable platforms for diverse applications due to their advantageous properties, including the high surface area to volume ratio, high porosity, and flexibility. To render them additional functionalities, distinct pre‐ or post‐modification processes have been proposed for modifying such micro‐ and nanofibers with 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D nanostructures. The pre‐modification requires the addition of 0D–3D nanostructures (or their precursors) into the polymeric phase before the spinning process, which can demand laborious solubilization and requires changes in experimental spinning parameters, with impact on morphology, spinnability, and properties. Post‐modification methods, on the other hand, enable the fabrication of composite fibers without the need to optimize the spinning parameters, allowing a simple and efficient surface modification. Herein, recent advances on post‐modification methods of spun fibers, including wet chemistry, grafting, crosslinking, click chemistry, oxidations, hydrolysis and reduction strategies, dip‐coating, layer‐by‐layer, electro/air‐spray, atomic layer deposition, and plasma techniques aiming at the surface functionalization with 0D–3D nanostructures are surveyed. Recent results, trends, and challenges on the application of such surface‐modified fibers for environmental, industrial, and medical applications, including as adsorbent and filtering membranes, catalysts for pollutants degradation, and wearable sensors are examined.

A comprehensive review on branched nanofibers: Preparations, strategies, and applications

“…When the jet flying 48 toward the collector, it stretches and whips while solvent(s) evaporates resulting in forming fibers on the collector. 80 It is worth mentioning that the structure of electrospun nanofibers and their properties can be affected by (I) the working parameters of electrospinning process represented by solution parameters (molecular weight, 54,81 polymer concentration, 56,82 viscosity, 83,84 surface tension, 56,85 and conductivity 86,87 ), ambient parameters (temperature and relative humidity), 49,88 and processing parameters (applied voltage, 76,89,90 flow rate, 76,91 distance between the tip of the needle and the collector (DTC), 76,92 diameter of the needle, 76,93 and collector type [94][95][96] ), (II) constituents of composite or hybrid nanofibers, [97][98][99] (III) postprocessing treatments such as heat treatment, chemical treatment which enable the production of fibers without the need to change the spinning parameters, leading to modify the surface morphology and properties of materials, [100][101][102][103] and (IV) electrospinning types which are grouped mainly to electrospinning based on basic needle and needleless electrospinning. 80,104,105…”

Graphene quantum dot-porphyrin/phthalocyanine multifunctional hybrid systems: from interfacial dialogue to application

“…The Cu( i )-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction may significantly simplify the preparative paths to Pp/Pc molecules, although the assembly of covalently conjugated Pp/Pc 58 usually requires complex synthetic procedures. Click chemistry 175 is a powerful tool to access Pp architectures. Furthermore, the mechanism of the photoinduced electron transfer may be investigated using a diverse range of Pp-GQD conjugates.…”

Nanofiber Carriers of Therapeutic Load: Current Trends

“…HVJ-E was efficiently desorbed under physiological conditions of ionic strength and temperature and was able to suppress cancer cell proliferation. The advantages and drawbacks of different post-modification methods currently used to functionalize NF surface were systematized in several recent review papers [ 100 , 101 , 102 ] and will not be pursued in greater detail here.…”