Tactical Skills and Ball Speed during a Field Simulation of Penalty Kick Strategies in Soccer

Castillo, José Muñoz; Oña, A.; Raya, Antonio Morillas; Bilbao, A.; Serra, Enrique

doi:10.2466/05.23.24.27.pms.111.6.947-962

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Knowledge of such approaches (e.g., opponent A tends to kick to the right irrespective of the goalkeeper's actions, or opponent B prefers to wait for the goalkeeper to move) could increase a goalkeeper's chances of saving kicks. Kuhn (1988) used ball speed (Castillo, Oña, Raya, Bilbao, & Serra, 2010) to demarcate the two strategies. After analyzing penalty kicks from European league club matches, he concluded that the keeper-dependent strategy constitutes about three quarters of penalty kicks.…”

Section: Many Goalkeepers In National and International Competition Kmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of a method for identifying penalty kick strategies in association football

Noël

Furley

Kamp³

et al. 2014

Journal of Sports Sciences

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Penalty takers in association football adopt either a keeper-independent or a keeper-dependent strategy, with the benefits of the keeper-independent strategy presumed to be greater. Yet, despite its relevance for research and practitioners, thus far no method for identifying penalty kick strategies has been available. To develop a validated and reliable method, Experiment 1 assessed characteristics that observers should use to distinguish the two strategies. We asked participants to rate 12 characteristics of pre-recorded clips of kicks of penalty takers that used either a keeper-independent or keeper-dependent strategy. A logistic regression model identified three variables (attention to the goalkeeper, run-up fluency and kicking technique) that in combination predicted kick strategy in 92% of the penalties. We used the model in Experiment 2 to analyse prevalence and efficacy of both the strategies for penalty kicks in penalty shoot-outs during FIFA World Cups (1986-2010) and UEFA Football Championships (1984-2012). The keeper-independent strategy was used much more frequently (i.e., 78-86%) than the keeper-dependent strategy, but successes did not differ. Penalty takers should use both the strategies to be less predictable. Goalkeepers can use the developed model to improve their chances to succeed by adjusting their behaviour to penalty takers' preferred penalty kick strategy.

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Section: Many Goalkeepers In National and International Competition Kmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of a method for identifying penalty kick strategies in association football

Noël

Furley

Kamp³

et al. 2014

Journal of Sports Sciences

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“…In this case, the non-professional, intermediately skilled players showed similar kicking accuracy irrespective of whether they self-controlled the approach angle or whether it was pre-scribed or externally controlled. Other experimental studies in penalty kicking have used both self-controlled and externally controlled instructions for choosing the side and/or height for the placement of the ball (Morris and Burwitz, 1989; Furley et al, 2012), often in interaction with other penalty kick strategies (Castillo et al, 2010). Yet, these studies did not systematically manipulate and compare the efficacy of self- and externally controlled kicks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Control in Aiming Supports Coping With Psychological Pressure in Soccer Penalty Kicks

et al. 2019

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This study addressed the question whether coaches better allow athletes to self-control their decisions when under pressure or whether to impose a decision upon them. To this end, an experiment was conducted that manipulated the soccer kickers’ degree of control in decision-making. Two groups of elite under-19 soccer players ( n = 18) took penalty kicks in a self-controlled (i.e., kickers themselves decided to which side to direct the ball) and an externally controlled condition (i.e., the decision to which side to direct the ball was imposed upon the kickers). One group performed the penalty kick under psychological pressure (i.e., the present coaching staff assessed their performance), while the second group performed without pressure. Just before and after performing the kicks, CSAI-2 was used to measure cognitive and somatic anxiety and self-confidence. Further, the number of goals scored, ball placement and speed, and the duration of preparatory and performatory behaviors were determined. The results verified increased levels of cognitive and somatic anxiety after performing the kicks in the pressured group compared to the no-pressure group. In addition, degree of self-control affected the participants’ performance, particularly in the pressured group. They scored more goals and placed the kicks higher in the self-controlled than in the externally-controlled condition. Participants also took more time preparing and performing the run-up in the self-controlled condition. Findings indicate that increased self-control helps coping with the debilitating effects of pressure and can counter performance deteriorations. The findings are discussed within the framework of self-control theories, and recommendations for practitioners and athletes are made.

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“…On its basis an analysis of goalkeepers' game during the World the European Championships in 2008-2012 was carried out [22,23,24,25,26]. In addition, the literature survey shows that the most common direction for research on goalkeepers' actions are analyses of the efficiency of their actions in situations of defending penalty kicks [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The efficiency of actions of goalkeepers in futsal Balt J Health Phys Act 2015;7(4):[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficiency of actions of goalkeepers from sports effective teams in a game of futsal in matches of the final tournament of the World and European Championships in 2012

Oszmaniec¹,

Szwarc²

2015

BJHPA

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Background: The purpose of the study was to develop a model mapping the efficiency of actions of futsal goalkeepers based on observation of their game in eight matches of the cup finals the World and European Championships in 2012. Material/Methods: Data about the game were recorded on originally developed observation sheets. Activity, effectiveness and reliability of particular offensive and defensive actions aiming at achieving objectives of the game were investigated. Results: It was found that in attack futsal goalkeepers mostly perform actions whose aim is to gain the playfield with the ball by passing it with a foot from the ground and to keep the ball by receiving it from partner. In turn, in defence, they mostly prevent losing goals by pushing the ball. Conclusions: The created models of players’ performance should be used to create models shaping the game of players of a lower level of proficiency in order to improve the efficiency of their games as well as to develop individual programs of training for futsal goalkeepers.

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Tactical Skills and Ball Speed during a Field Simulation of Penalty Kick Strategies in Soccer

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

The development of a method for identifying penalty kick strategies in association football

The development of a method for identifying penalty kick strategies in association football

Self-Control in Aiming Supports Coping With Psychological Pressure in Soccer Penalty Kicks

The efficiency of actions of goalkeepers from sports effective teams in a game of futsal in matches of the final tournament of the World and European Championships in 2012

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